Private and public management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Private and public management - Essay Example However, public management involves managing critical infrastructure which directly disturbs quality of public life. In fact, in many cases, huge government spending on public management, relying on the estimates given by public managers leads to create interest conflicts and violets ethical guidelines to a great magnitude (Boyne 97-122). Private management refers to a situation where responsibilities are delegated to some private organizations to manage and control certain areas of services such as schools and hospitals. In this paper, the operational efficiencies created by private and public management will be analyzed. To understand the theory better, the functioning of the publicly funded health care system, National Health Service (NHS), will be evaluated in the light of management differences in public and private sector. As mentioned earlier, National Health Service is a publicly funded health care unit based in the countries of United Kingdom. The healthcare system is mainly funded through the tax collected by the nation centrally. National Health Service is aimed at providing wide array of healthcare services among which most of the services are not chargeable for the legal residents of the United Kingdom. The services of NHS are categorized under four discrete systems such as National Health Service (England), Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales. These four systems are generally different and independent of each other in terms of management, regulations and political accountability. However, the basic functions are performed on a regular basis, as regulated by the UK Department of Health. Healthcare services provided through all these four segments are denominated under the â€Å"NHS†; only the unit provides services in England, is officially called Natio nal Health Service. Nevertheless, no

Diseses of the Human Body Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diseses of the Human Body - Personal Statement Example Considering that it could be left- sided colitis, which may be responsible for the abdominal cramping and bloody stools, it is life threatening and should be paid immediate attention. 3. Vomiting is quite a common reflex especially in infants because they tend to drink too much, especially when feeding from a baby bottle. However, I would find out if the parent was burping the child now and then during feeds. In some cases it could be a serious acid reflux or a hinal hernia (flap of tissue) that is a hindrance in swallowing which may be the cause for vomiting and hence not gaining weight. In this case I would ask the parent to make an appointment to check with the physician. 4. The child could be suffering from a respiratory distress syndrome which could permanently damage the lungs if not seen to immediately. The fever and cough would serve to aggravate the situation making it worse. Since the physician has left, I would refer her to another physician who is available and ask her to attend to the problem immediately. 5. Considering three children have been reported by the mother for having the same symptoms like fatigue, headache and pain in the joints, muscle and stomach, I would enquire about the kind of food they are fed and the amount of sleep they get.. These symptoms cover a broad range of disease and only when they are thoroughly examined by a physician, can the real nature of their condition be understood. In this case I would ask her to make an appointment with the physician. 1. Excessive thirst or urination in males clearly shows that it is a hormonal imbalance. Such a condition occurs in the Endocrine system and needs to be attended to at the earliest. I would fix an appointment at the earliest for this patient. 2. Swelling in the neck with difficulty in swallowing could be due to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the neck. It is also common for the swelling of the lymph nodes brought about by viral or

Conflict Management Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict Management Plan - Research Paper Example Firstly, they should begin with David’s accusations against James, which have stated that James is causing confusion in the production line, which is causing the earlier to miss quality checks. It is vital to solve this through collaboration that is a win-win strategy for all the parties (Dontigney, 2014). The problem in question that is quality checks requires an all-inclusive approach. If situation is resolved as per David’s accusation, James will be of the view that the solution favours one side. Similarly, if the manager and the superintendent dismiss David’s allegations, then he will miss more quality checks. Based on the above, the two senior officers should check if there is anything, which James does which results in David missing quality checks. If there is, then James should desist from doing it, if there is not, then David missing quality checks was a culmination of his own inefficiency, which he had heaped upon James. Subsequently David should be reprimanded for levelling false allegations against a co-worker. The two senior officers, the manager and superintendent, should focus on forging cooperation between the two employees, which is vital for ensuring that the industry churns out products that meet set quality regulations (Dontigney, 2014). Cooperation between the two employees will result in an effective production

How I Can Make a Difference As A Scholar Essay Example for Free

How I Can Make a Difference As A Scholar Essay Each one has different capabilities to make a difference; difference that can change one’s family, school, community, country, and even the world. But before he can do a difference around him, he must first make a difference within himself. As a scholar of this prestigious university, the University of Bohol, I can also make a difference. But as I said, in order for me to make a difference in my surroundings, I must first make a difference within me. I was once a stranger in this university, seldom talks to anyone and even project a shy type of person, well in fact I’m not. I wasn’t then participative in school activities, even in our own department. Inside the classroom, I just stayed in one corner, scanned my notes and remained silent all those times. Those things happened before I tried to do something; something that would make my life different from before. It was different in the sense that I got out of my shell and began to explore the real world. I began by acquiring new friends that I believed would help me in my goal. I wasn’t wrong in having them since they really did the things I expect from them that would help me grow. They encouraged me to participate in the school activities because they thought that I would be of great help. I was inspired by their words and chose to accept the dare. I once participated in a sport contest during our department days, and fortunately, I won. I was one of the CBAians who brought the name of our department during the university days. I was really happy during that time. I then concluded that nothing is really impossible if you just tried. That was my first achievement in this university after I got out of my shell and that is also the first difference I made within myself. And since I have already made a difference in me, I will continue what I have begun. I will make a difference around me in my own unique ways. As the embodiment of the Trinity of Virtues (Scholarship, Character, and  Service) the University of Bohol stands for, we, as scholars, are obliged to act as a catalyst to difference. Not the negative one, but a positive difference for the betterment of our community. Upholding the first virtue of the university, SCHOLARSHIP, I will be responsible in my studies. Avoid unnecessary absences and never cut classes. I will study my lessons, not only during examinations, but every day to be prepared all the time. I will maintain my grades to avoid disappointment of my family and the persons behind this scholarship. CHARACTER: I will be a model to the students; specially the freshmen, through the way I speak, act, and move around. Obeying the rules in the school is the very first thing any student must do; wearing the prescribed uniform during uniform days and the proper Wednesday attire during wash days. Together with the ID, a student would really look as a student if he would just wear the proper uniform. I will also project as an Icon of Morality. I won’t indulge in any crime, neither practice any form of drug addiction, nor any forms of vices. As an epitome of SERVICE, I would participate in the school, or even outside the school, as the need arises. I would help in any form in any projects or programs of the university and involve myself in different community works. I will also take part in any volunteer works inside and outside the campus. These are just simple things all students can carry out to make a difference if they are just committed to do it. However, it can’t also be denied that as humans, we also commit mistakes; mistakes that might be a reason for discouragement. But through certain things, these mistakes might also help us grow as a student. To be successful in all our endeavors in life, we must not forget the Almighty God who is always behind every achievement we attain. We should put Him as the center of our lives, for without Him, we can do nothing. I am very much privileged to be one of the academic scholars in this  university. I will try my very best to perform the duties and responsibilities as a UB scholar. I will make a difference! Each one has different capabilities to make a difference; difference that can change one’s family, school, community, country, and even the world. But before he can do a difference around him, he must first make a difference within himself. As a scholar of this prestigious university, the University of Bohol, I can also make a difference. But as I said, in order for me to make a difference in my surroundings, I must first make a difference within me. I was once a stranger in this university, seldom talks to anyone and even project a shy type of person, well in fact I’m not. I wasn’t then participative in school activities, even in our own department. Inside the classroom, I just stayed in one corner, scanned my notes and remained silent all those times. Those things happened before I tried to do something; something that would make my life different from before. It was different in the sense that I got out of my shell and began to explore the real world. I began by acquiring new friends that I believed would help me in my goal. I wasn’t wrong in having them since they really did the things I expect from them that would help me grow. They encouraged me to participate in the school activities because they thought that I would be of great help. I was inspired by their words and chose to accept the dare. I once participated in a sport contest during our department days, and fortunately, I won. I was one of the CBAians who brought the name of our department during the university days. I was really happy during that time. I then concluded that nothing is really impossible if you just tried. That was my first achievement in this university after I got out of my shell and that is also the first difference I made within myself. And since I have already made a difference in me, I will continue what I have begun. I will make a difference around me in my own unique ways. As the embodiment of the Trinity of Virtues (Scholarship, Character, and Service) the University of Bohol stands for, we, as scholars, are obliged to act as a catalyst to difference. Not the negative one, but a positive difference for the betterment of our community. Upholding the first virtue of the university, SCHOLARSHIP, I will be responsible in my studies. Avoid unnecessary absences and never cut classes. I will study my lessons, not only during examinations, but every day to be prepared all the time. I will maintain my grades to avoid disappointment of my family and the persons behind this scholarship. CHARACTER: I will be a model to the students; specially the freshmen, through the way I speak, act, and move around. Obeying the rules in the school is the very first thing any student must do; wearing the prescribed uniform during uniform days and the proper Wednesday attire during wash days. Together with the ID, a student would really look as a student if he would just wear the proper uniform. I will also project as an Icon of Morality. I won’t indulge in any crime, neither practice any form of drug addiction, nor any forms of vices. As an epitome of SERVICE, I would participate in the school, or even outside the school, as the need arises. I would help in any form in any projects or programs of the university and involve myself in different community works. I will also take part in any volunteer works inside and outside the campus. These are just simple things all students can carry out to make a difference if they are just committed to do it. However, it can’t also be denied that as humans, we also commit mistakes; mistakes that might be a reason for discouragement. But through certain things, these mistakes might also help us grow as a student. To be successful in all our endeavors in life, we must not forget the Almighty God who is always behind every achievement we attain. We should put Him as the center of our lives, for without Him, we can do nothing. I am very much privileged to be one of the academic scholars in this university. I will try my very best to perform the duties and responsibilities as a UB scholar. I will make a difference!

Fletcher Building Company Analysis

Fletcher Building Company Analysis Introduction to Fletcher building company Fletcher building company is a very famous construction work company in New Zealand. It constructs its first house in 1909 with the partnership at Dunedin after that they are increase their business all over the world. They established their head office in 1925 in Auckland. Now they have builds very popular buildings like Sky Tower. They have approximately 18800 employees and about 50 businesses at the moment who are working under Fletcher building banner. It exports its products to Australia. Task 1 If we look at the company needs then we need good surroundings which make the organization better. The organization should have proper resources, hardworking and skilled workers and  Ã‚   financial support. Moreover they should proper knowledge of latest technology which they can use to enhance their business and organization. Fletcher building company have very good sources by which they can sustain for long time. They have sources like raw materials from which they can design products and recycle that for getting better work from it. Its internal and external situations facts are given as below: External situation facts: Customers: we know for running any kind of business we need customers so that can get financial support from them to enhance our business. Moreover for attract more customers we need to give good services and products to the customers.   As we know Fletcher building company is a very famous company in New Zealand they need to attract more customers for making large projects in the markets and they need more customers so as to marketing. It works for both private and government organization. It constructs Sky Tower and Harbour bridge in New Zealand. (stuff.co.nz, 2014) Competition: If we think about competition about the competition, Fletcher building company have so many competitors in New Zealand but by these competitors they can get more advantages because   they can learn about latest technology and they can use their technology to develop their business and to improve its business services and market. They will be more serious to have more focus on large projects and finish these projects on time. Supplier market: The company has to make better relations with suppliers so as develop company. So Fletcher building company requires more suppliers who can provide raw materials and staff etc who can import their goods and services as we know Fletcher company imports from Australia. Internal situation facts: Management changes: The management changes imply that make them change into management system of organization to get advancement into some level which could be useful for organization to get new thought and utilize it so if discuss Fletcher building company they know their management level and where they have to enhance so roll out improvements in management could bring benefits. Employees: Employees are heart of any organization who   work hard to accomplish organizations goals and objectives where they have to complete work within time where organization ought to give few rewards and organization ought to disseminate their specific task and work which they ready to do that and empower them at each steps. Culture Changes: What the way of life mean where all workers cooperate does not make a difference which he from they called a team work for organization where Fletcher building organization regard all culture which make it multicultural society and Fletcher building company can give honors and rewards at universal level which make workers more certain show organization culture. Financial: As we know financial support is necessary to maintain a business and here fletcher company has incredible spending plan to done enormous venture and run business into great way where they need to spend on staff individuals and furthermore on organization upkeep so they should be ensure about their contribute and where they spending and that all speculation ought to be secured into organization budget (stuff.co.nz, nd) Task 2 Strategic Formulation Strategic planning: It is the future planning of any business which helps it to get profits and to achieve its goals and objectives. Without strategic planning any business cannot run in a proper way. Strategic planning helps the business to do any task within time frame. In terms of Fletcher building company it makes perfect planning to sustain for long time and they made perfect planning to get more profits and to get success. Why do we need of Strategic planning? : It is very important for any business in a good way. It is because before apply any plan in business management should know about the businesss performance and in which areas business lacking so it is necessary to have a strategic plan so as to do tasks accordingly. What does the strategic planning evaluate? : This means the evolution of the performance of business and it show how strategic planning helps in business. Moreover it also evaluates about all the things which were happen in the previous time. For example how much business get benefit and where thet got results for their services. Strategic planning for Fletcher building company Structures: The Fletcher organization has an extraordinary business structure to deal with all things and the level of structure has appropriate work amongst them and they all work under their points of confinement and rules and at some point company need changes in structure which help to improve plan and give better outcome. System: The Fletcher building company framework working into great way and furthermore attempting to propel their staff and they require a few changes into business framework can change business framework like, technology, correspondence framework, and so forth. Processes: The Fletcher building organization working in a procedure calendar and it called be an arrangement of interrelated activities which helps in business comes about. Responsibilities: The Fletcher building company has some more essential obligations to support business in market or could be with clients and that organization dependably work to deal with any circumstance on any issues. Key Tasks: The Fletcher Building company is the one biggest construction company of NZ and they generally work for government ventures and other enormous contract with private place. Milestones: Milestone imply that show solid point and like, enormous venture is finished by fletcher organization which got to be distinctly popular on the planet like, celebrated sky tower and harbor connect. Monitoring: Monitoring the fundamentally idea to dodge the errors in light of the fact that if the organization observing the things whats happening time to time then they additionally can move thought what to happen. Hazard Analysis: As we know organization dependably go out on a limb to making venture and where Fletcher organization ought to investigation the venture before begin it and it might go for broke to settle on choice so organization ought to examination each things before go for broke. Contingencies: The possibilities imply that something occurring in organization which could have awful effect or might be it has extraordinary advantages to organization. The occurrence something is about by key arrangement of business. Sustainability: The Fletcher Company maintains business with better way so they ought to have the capacity to proceed with a characterized conduct uncertainly. Corporate and Social Responsibility: The corporation and social duties are critical to any organization where we have an organization named it Fletcher building organization which ought to be exceptionally careful about their company and social duties where they need to ensure about condition and open aggravation. Task 3 Companys production as well as strategic plan: It is a broad planning of a company that make strategy for the production of a company which give quickly view to company about their creation stock and this is essential to think about production points of interest which demonstrate that how much stock organization have and to what extent they can get by with it and they gather creation stock to circulate vital arrangement with organization which is a consent to give concentrate on arrangements. Strategic getting ready for creation is valuable for: 1.Planning the production plan. 2.Also discovering the ability and incompetent specialists required for production. 3.Also ought to set up the departmental plans. (Akrani, 2011) Organizations distribution strategic planning The distribution dependably teach us to how the items come to client firstly distributer or retailer get the stuff which originates from fabricate organization and after that contractual worker get it then at long last got by customer. This a superior approach to send stuff to clients and this dispersion arranging additionally get more subtle elements and thoughts by vital arrangement and which help in company development and it could simple to make circulation arrangement for an organization (investopedia.com, nd) 2. How the company manages and arranges the production and distribution of goods and additionally services of goods The management dependably work for a company to get objective inside time where organization needs to oversee better staff for its management where they make a plan for organization production and products distribution and by doing it how organization could get more consumers so here we can discuss the Fletcher building organization who dependably work to give better stuff and fulfillment work and they likewise give a superior material, better client administrations et cetera. Which demonstrate their key getting ready for merchandise conveyance Then again the dissemination of products and ventures completely oversaw by the circulation cycle in light of the fact that in this they can get the stuff as per the request like: Manufacturer >wholesaler>   Retailer> Contractors>User (referenceforbusiness.com, n.d.) Task 4 Strategic execution: The high level plan: It means to make a long term plan so that company can sustain for long time. This plan is called high level plan. So when a company works on a big plan and stands internationally and they established their company all around the world so as to provide better services to their customers as compare with other companies. Now we have an example of Fletcher building company which shows its capability to perform better and in a good manner. Fletcher always make a good plan before proceeding to the other projects in which they arrange and manage every sources they will needed and which will useful to the company. They make high level plans so that their company give competition to other big companies. Their main motive is to develop their company business all over the world by attracting more and more customers. (amanet.org, nd) Plans used for operational planning: Fletcher is one of the largest construction company in New Zealand and it works on big project. It works on government and private projects. So they need to make an operational planning in terms of planning, organizing as well as supervision in context with manufacturing, production and services. Fletcher should provide goods and services so as to attract more customers. In input organization that involves with raw materials, equipments as well as staff. so they should hire skilled staff and should take care of the employees who works for the company. Actions which are consider by me on the plans of Fletcher building company: Now a days Fletcher building company performs really well everywhere. They focus on their strategy planning before begin any new project which helps to company to finish that project on time and in a good way. They focus on strategies like production planning, distribution planning, and operational planning which helps them a lot. My view about Fletcher company working is that they should have perfect operational planning through which their employees   can learn about the many things like how much stock is left for the project, how much their budget is, so these are the things which employees should know while working on any project. In this way they can work properly and efficiently. Moreover Fletcher should also take care about their employees health and needs. If their employees needs fulfils then they will give their best to the company. Task 5 Strategic plan and functions Marketing: We already know Fletcher Company is very famous company where its name is taken in big construction companies in New Zealand. They always work in a better way and satisfy their customers. In order to sustain all around the world Fletcher need to expand its business all over the world. So need to distribute their franchise globally. In this way they could face more competitors and problems and challenges which helps the Fletcher to get more improvement and to learn about new technologies and strategies. (balancedscorecard.org, nd) Finance:   In the Fletcher building company they also make strategic plan about their finance. As we know every company works on its finance. So Fletcher should have good finance buget which they can spend on their work so as to happy their customers. Moreover they can also get more risks to finish big projects which cam make the company more stronger and powerful with financially. Fletcher building company declared its half result in February 2015. Their net earnings were around 114 million dollars after paying tax and then 154 million dollars as compared to the prior corresponding year. Moreover their total tax was about 4327 million dollars up from 4273 million dollars. (Fletcherbuilding, 2015) Human resources: Fletcher building company has very good human resources because they hire very skilled staff which works hard in achieving the goals of the company. They make plans with its staff and tell them about every field of their projects so as to get more output from their employees.   So human resources plays very crucial role in the development of the company. Research and development: it is very important for the company because in this they innovate new ideas which can be useful for the development of the company. Moreover these new ideas can make their company unique from other companies. Information and communication technology: These are very important for the company because through these they can know about new techniques which can help their business to work faster. Moreover by these they can also communicate with their customers at any place. Property management: Fletcher building company establishes their branches at very good places like in New Zealand and Australia which expand their business internationally. They have large property to manage construction property to stock goods and other things. Task 6 Evaluation or Sustainability Improvement in its operations and services: During the evolution of Fletcher Company it wants to see the changes and improvements in its services and operations where consumers are having better services. It is a process to sustain its business for long time. They work to get taxes in the company and to give more benefits to the workers and to get good feedback from their customers all around the world. Evaluation of performance of company and staff: The Fletcher building company evaluates the performance of the company and its staff. It is very necessary from them to know about their status where they are standing in the market and what are the things they need to improve in proper time. Moreover if the employees work hard and give their best to the company so these workers should be given with rewards so that they work hard in the future also. Culture of Fletcher: As we know New Zealand is a multicultural society. So workers from different countries work together here as a team. It is very useful for the company because every employee give their own view for the development f the company. Communications: Flow of communication, communication patterns, and communication systems: Fletcher building company provides good social environment to their workers where workers should be trained to work. Where the company need a person who is fluent in any language which will connect the customers with any language to the company. There are many patterns by which we can learn about communication skills, way of talking where Fletcher Company have more focus on the communication skills and its flow. Data Reporting: Process of collecting data for Fletcher Management Process of submitting for Fletcher management In the Fletcher Building company constantly gather the information for management and assemble all information from company make a report and have a debate or discussion on it and if essential plan apply in company that can be divided between two fundamental one is that need of some accomplishment where company need to sure working of these exercise and effort is required to make company more developed and stronger and when the all information increase then it submitted to Fletcher organization prepare which take out better arrangement and apply it again in company (bridgingthegap.com, n.d.) References (n.d.). Retrieved from onlinebusadv.com: http://www.onlinebusadv.com/?PAGE=171 (n.d.). Retrieved from referenceforbusiness.com: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/De-Ele/Distribution-and-Distribution-Requirements-Planning.htmlfor (n.d.). Retrieved from fletcherbuilding: www.fletcherbuilding.co.nz (n.d.). Retrieved from searchcio.techtarget: http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/ICT-information-and-communications-technology-or-technologies (n.d.). Retrieved from bridgingthegap.com: http://www.bridging-the-gap.com/help-a-ba-how-do-you-collect-requirements-for-a-reporting-system/ (2014). Retrieved from stuff.co.nz: http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/10402430/Fletcher-Building-posts-solid-profit Akrani, G. (2011). production planning. Fletcherbuilding. (2015, 02 18). Retrieved from www.fletcherbuilding.com: Fletcher building limited announced their half year result 18 Feb 2015. After tax their net earnings was $114 million then $154million as compared to the prior corresponding year. Their revenue was $4,327 million, up from $4,273 million (nd). Retrieved from stuff.co.nz: http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/10402430/Fletcher-Building-posts-solid-profit (nd). Retrieved from investopedia.com: http://www.investopedia.com/university/business-plan/business-plan6.asp (nd). Retrieved from amanet.org: http://www.amanet.org/training/articles/What-Is-Strategy-Execution.aspx (nd). Retrieved from balancedscorecard.org: https://balancedscorecard.org/Resources/Strategic-Planning-Basics (nd). Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_communication topmba.com. (nd). Retrieved from http://www.topmba.com/mba-programs/what-operations-management

Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training

Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training CHAPTER – IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data to study the effectiveness of assertiveness training programme on the level of self esteem among adolescents at selected school. The result findings have been tabulated and interpreted according to plan for data analysis. The data collected from 60 samples were grouped and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results are presented under the following. ORGANIZATION OF DATA Section A: Distribution of demographic variables of adolescents Section B: Distribution of subjects according to level of self esteem among adolescents  before and after training programme. Section C: Comparison of effectiveness of assertive training programme on the level of  Self esteem among adolescents in experimental group and wait listed control  group. Section D: Association between the level of self esteem among adolescents with selected  demographic variables. SECTION A Table No 1: Distribution of subjects according to their demographic variables (N=60) S.No Demographic variables Experimental group Wait listed Control group Frequency % Frequency % 1. Age a .11-13 yrs b. 13-15yrs c. 15-17yrs 12 17 1 40 56.7 3.3 10 19 1 33.3 63.3 3.3 2. Sex a. Male b. Female 10 20 33.3 66.7 14 16 46.7 53.3 3. Religion a. Hindu b. Christian c. Muslim 19 8 3 63.3 26.7 10 15 8 7 50 26.7 23.3 4. Residency a. Urban b. Rural 19 11 63.3 36.7 20 10 66.7 33.3 5. Type of family a. Nuclear b. Joint 23 7 76.7 23.3 20 10 66.7 33.3 6. Father’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 3 8 9 10 10 26.7 30 33.3 4 10 8 8 13.3 33.3 26.7 26.7 7. Mother’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 6 9 9 6 20 30 30 20 9 10 6 5 30 33.3 20 16.7 8. Father’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. coolie 5 7 15 3 16.7 23.3 50 10 3 10 14 3 10 33.3 46.7 10 9. Mother’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. Housewife 3 10 1 16 10 33.3 3.3 53.3 3 15 1 11 10 50 3.3 36.7 10. Annual Income a. 50000-100000 b. 100000-200000 c. 200000 above 6 13 11 20 43.3 36.7 8 15 7 26.7 50 23.3 Table 1 : Shows that frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of experimental and wait listed control group with respect to age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation, mother’s education, mother’s occupation and annual income. Regarding Age, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 17 (56.7 %) in Wait listed Control Group 19 (63.3%) were in the age group of 13-15 years. Regarding Sex, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 20 (66.7 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 16 (53.3%) were females. Regarding Religion, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 19 (63.3 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 15 (50%) were Hindus. Regarding Residency, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 19 (63.3%) in Wait Listed Control Group 18 (60%) were from urban area. Regarding Type of Family, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 23 (76.7 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 20 (66.7%) were from nuclear family. Regarding Father’s Education, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 10 (33.3 %) were graduates in Wait Listed Control Group 10 (33.3%) were Primary  education level. Regarding Mother’s Education, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 9 (30 %) were Higher Secondary level in Wait Listed Control Group 10 (33.3%) were Primary education level. Regarding Father’s Occupation, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 15 (50 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 14(46.7%) were business men. Regarding Mother’s Occupation, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 16 (53.3 %) were housewives in Wait Listed Control Group 15(50%) were working in private sector. Regarding Annual Income of the family, majority of the subjects in Experimental Group 13 (43.3 %) in Wait Listed Control Group 15 (50%) were ranged from Rs.100000-200000. FIG:3 –Distribution of subjects according to their age in both experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:4 – Distribution of subjects according to their Sex in both experimental and wait listed control group FIG:5 – Distribution of subjects according to their Religion among experimental and wait listed control group FIG:6 –Distribution of subjects in Residency among experimental and wait  listed control group FIG:7 –Distribution of subjects in type of family among experimental and  wait listed control group FIG:8 –Distribution of subjects in father’s education among experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:9 –Distribution of subjects in mother’s education among experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:10 –Distribution of subjects in father’s occupation among experimental and wait  listed control group FIG:11 –Distribution of subjects in mother’s occupation among experimental  and wait listed control group FIG:12 –Distribution of subjects in annual income of the family among experimental  and wait listed control group SECTION B Table 2: Distribution of subjects according to their level of self esteem before and after Assertiveness training among adolescents. (N=60) S.No Level of self esteem Group Range of score Mean SD High SE Low SE 60-80 80-100 20-40 40-60 1. Before assertiveness training Experimental group 52.06 7.6 Wait listed control group 53.96 3.9 2. After assertiveness training Experimental group (post1) 79.8 5.7 Experimental group (post 2) 74.83 9.03 Wait listed Control group 55.13 3.86 Table 2 shows that distribution of subjects according to the level of self esteem before and after assertiveness training among adolescents. In that, mean value of level of self esteem before assertiveness training in experimental group was 52.06 in control group it was 53.96 and also the mean value of level of self esteem after assertiveness training in experimental group post test 1 and post test 2 was 79.8 74.83 , and in control group it was 55.13 FIG 15: Distribution of subjects according to their level of self esteem before and after assertiveness training among adolescents. SECTION C Table 3 : Comparison of mean pre test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Wait Listed Control Group. (N=60) S.NO Level of self esteem Group Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Pre test Experimental group 52.06 7.6 1.213 (NS) Wait listed Control group 53.96 3.9 NS –Not significant Table 3 describes that obtained independent ‘t’ value for the mean difference in pre test level of self esteem between experimental and control group is 1.213 and it is not statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is no significant difference exist between level of self esteem among experimental and control group and also shows that both the groups were homogenous before giving assertiveness training. FIG:16- Comparison of mean pre test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Wait Listed Control Group Table 4 : Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Control Group.(N=60) S.NO Level of self esteem Group Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Post test 1 Experimental group 79.8 5.68 19.640** Wait listed Control group 55.13 3.86 2. Post test 2 Experimental group 74.83 9.03 10.982** Wait listed Control group 55.13 3.86 ** Significant at .001 level Table 4 describes that obtained independent ‘t’ value for the mean difference in post test 1 and post test 2 level of self esteem between experimental and control group is 19.640 10.982 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant difference exist between post test 1 and post test 2 level of self esteem among experimental and control group after receiving assertiveness training. FIG:17 Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in both groups Table 5 : Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group (N=30) S.NO Group Test Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Experimental group Pre test Post test 1 52.06 79.8 7.6 5.68 16.181** Pre test Post test 2 52.06 74.83 7.6 9.03 10.694** ** Significant at 0.001 level Table 5 depicts that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in Pre, Post test1 Post test 2 level of self esteem in Experimental group is 16.181 10.694 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant difference exist between pre and post test level of self esteem among Experimental group after receiving assertiveness training. FIG:18 Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group Table 6 : Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait listed Control Group. (N=30) S.NO Group Test Mean SD ‘t’ value 1. Wait listed Control group Pre test Post test 53.96 55.13 3.9 3.86 1.125 (NS) Table 6 depicts that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in Pre and Post test level of self esteem in Control group is 1.125 and it is not statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is no significant difference exist between pre and post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait Listed Control group. FIG:19- Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait Listed Control Group Table 7 : Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time among adolescents in Experimental Group (N=30) S.NO Group Test MEAN SD T value P value 1. Experimental Group Post Test1 Post Test2 79.8 74.83 5.6 9.03 2.43 0.021* ** Significant at .01 level Table 7 revealed that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time (immediate, one month after) among adolescents in Experimental Group is 2.43 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant improvement in level of self esteem among adolescents in different period of time ( immediate, one month after) in experimental group. FIG: 20 Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time among adolescents in Experimental Group SECTION D: Table no: 8- Association between post-test level of self esteem among adolescents with demographic variables in Experimental Group Wait listed control group (N=60) S.NO Demographic variables Experimental group Wait listed control group Frequency P value Frequency P value 1. Age a .11-13 yrs b. 13-15yrs c. 15-17yrs 12 17 1 0.263 (NS) 10 19 1 0.668 (NS) 2. Sex a. Male b. Female 10 20 0.595 (NS) 14 16 0.314 (NS) 3. Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian 19 8 3 0.395 (NS) 15 8 7 0.064 (NS) 4. Residency a. Urban b. Rural 19 11 0.172 (NS) 20 10 0.514 (NS) 5. Type of family a. Nuclear b. Joint 23 7 0.260 (NS) 20 10 0.374 (NS) 6. Father’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 3 8 9 10 0.388 (NS) 4 10 8 8 0.17 (NS) 7. Mother’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate 6 9 9 6 0.512 (NS) 9 10 6 5 0.632 (NS) 8. Father’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. coolie 5 7 15 3 0.406 (NS) 3 10 14 3 0.415 (NS) 9. Mother’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. Housewife 3 10 1 16 0.12 (NS) 3 15 1 11 0.334 (NS) 10. Annual Income a. 50000-100000 b. 100000-200000 c. 200000 above 6 13 11 0.075 (NS) 8 15 7 0.527 (NS) * Significant at 0.01 level NS – Not significant Table 8 reveals that the calculated chi square test value for level of self esteem with demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation and annual income in experimental group. It also shows that there is no significant association exist between the level of self esteem with demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation, annual income and academic performance in wait listed control group.

Free Euthanasia Essays: Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Assisted Suicide To sanction the taking of innocent human life is to contradict a primary purpose of law in an ordered society. A law or court decision allowing assisted suicide would demean the lives of vulnerable patients and expose them to exploitation by those who feel they are better off dead. Such a policy would corrupt the medical profession, whose ethical code calls on physicians to serve life and never to kill. The voiceless or marginalized in our society -- the poor, the frail elderly, racial minorities, millions of people who lack health insurance -- would be the first to feel pressure to die. What about competent, terminally ill people who say they really want assisted suicide? Suicidal wishes among the terminally ill are no less due to treatable depression than the same wishes among the able-bodied. When their pain, depression and other problems are addressed, there is generally no more talk of suicide. If we respond to a death wish in one group of people with counseling and suicide prevention, and respond to the same wish in another group by offering them lethal drugs, we have made our own tragic choice as a society that some people's lives are objectively not worth protecting. How does cost enter into this issue? In an era of cost control and managed care, patients with lingering illnesses may be branded an economic liability, and decisions to encourage death can be driven by cost. As Acting U.S. Solicitor General Walter Dellinger warned in urging the Supreme Court to uphold laws against assisted suicide: "The least costly treatment for any illness is lethal medication." Why are people with disabilities worried about assisted suicide? Â  Many people with disabilities have long experience with prejudicial attitudes on the part of able-bodied people, including physicians, who say they would "rather be dead than disabled." Such prejudices could easily lead families, physicians and society to encourage death for people who are depressed and emotionally vulnerable as they adjust to life with a serious illness or disability. To speak here of a "free choice" for suicide is a dangerously misguided abstraction. What is the view of the medical profession? The American Medical Association holds that "physician-assisted suicide is fundamentally incompatible with the physician's role as healer." The AMA, along with the American Nurses Association, American Psychiatric Association and dozens of other medical groups, has urged the Supreme Court to uphold laws against assisted suicide, arguing that the power to assist in taking patients' lives is "a power that most health care professionals do not want and could not control.