Existentialists: I Am Me, And You Are You :: essays research papers

Existentialists: I Am Me, and You Are You      Existentialists see humankind as people whose remarkable past encounters build up close to home qualities that set we all apart. This thought can be best communicated in a natural articulation by a celebrated maverick, Tarzan. â€Å"Me Tarzan, you Jane† is at the core of the convictions of the existential iota. This apparently oversimplified proclamation identifies with existentialism by driving us to man's independence, managing us to conviction of presence before substance and guiding us to the idea of opportunity of decision. These three convictions would then be able to be identified with the characters in the existential essayist Jean-Paul Sartre's â€Å"No Exit.†      At first perusing of this announcement, one notification Tarzan's statement decision. â€Å" Me Tarzan, you Jane† suggests that Tarzan and Jane are not very much the same. Rather, they are two unique individuals who lead altogether different lives. Tarzan, the Ape Man, is naturally not the same as his freshly discovered woman companion. Existentialists would promote this line of reasoning to state that since individuals are continuously extraordinary, they can never be the equivalent. They would then contend that each individual is an individual, not a duplicate from a foreordained shape. Jean-Paul Sartre likewise depicts his characters as people, not duplicates of one another. Garcin, an officer who went AWOL, surely carried on with an unexpected life in comparison to the child executioner Estelle.      These individualistic characteristics lead to us by Tarzan's announcement, presently manage us to the existential conviction of presence before pith. This thought comprises of the conviction that individuals are shaped from their own interesting past encounters. Tarzan, a desolate kid who was raised by a pack of gorillas, has not encountered the bit of humanity. His disengagement from the world is totally inverse from that of Jane's past. Jane, a ladies brought up in the extravagance of the present day, has encountered numerous extraordinary occasions that have made her what she is. Jane can never comprehend what resembles to be Tarzan since she can never experience what he has experienced. In like manner, Tarzan, the Ape Man, can never experience what it resembles to be Jane in light of the fact that he can never live through the extraordinary occasions of Jane's past. Sartre additionally gives us characters with extremely remarkable foundations. Garcin can never encounter the pained past that Inez had and Inez thusly can never comprehend why Garcin should be told he isn't a weakling.      After now understanding that existentialists see individuals as people who have one of a kind past encounters that make them what their identity is, existentialists would now usher us to the thought of each character's opportunity of decision. Existentialists: I Am Me, And You Are You :: papers research papers Existentialists: I Am Me, and You Are You      Existentialists see humankind as people whose one of a kind past encounters build up close to home attributes that set we all apart. This thought can be best communicated in an instinctive explanation by a celebrated maverick, Tarzan. â€Å"Me Tarzan, you Jane† is at the core of the convictions of the existential iota. This apparently shortsighted articulation identifies with existentialism by driving us to man's independence, controlling us to conviction of presence before pith and guiding us to the thought of opportunity of decision. These three convictions would then be able to be identified with the characters in the existential author Jean-Paul Sartre's â€Å"No Exit.†      At first perusing of this announcement, one notification Tarzan's statement decision. â€Å" Me Tarzan, you Jane† suggests that Tarzan and Jane are not indeed the very same. Rather, they are two distinct individuals who lead altogether different lives. Tarzan, the Ape Man, is commonly unique in relation to his recently discovered woman companion. Existentialists would encourage this line of reasoning to state that since individuals are continuously unique, they can never be the equivalent. They would then contend that each individual is an individual, not a duplicate from a foreordained shape. Jean-Paul Sartre additionally depicts his characters as people, not duplicates of one another. Garcin, a fighter who went AWOL, surely carried on with an unexpected life in comparison to the child executioner Estelle.      These individualistic characteristics lead to us by Tarzan's announcement, presently direct us to the existential conviction of presence before quintessence. This thought comprises of the conviction that individuals are shaped from their own one of a kind past encounters. Tarzan, a desolate kid who was raised by a pack of gorillas, has not encountered the dash of humanity. His segregation from the world is totally inverse from that of Jane's past. Jane, a ladies brought up in the guilty pleasure of the present day, has encountered numerous one of a kind occasions that have made her what she is. Jane can never recognize what resembles to be Tarzan since she can never experience what he has experienced. In like manner, Tarzan, the Ape Man, can never experience what it resembles to be Jane on the grounds that he can never live through the one of a kind occasions of Jane's past. Sartre likewise gives us characters with one of a kind foundations. Garcin can never encounter the disturbed past that Inez had and Inez thus can never comprehend why Garcin should be told he isn't a quitter.      After now understanding that existentialists see individuals as people who have extraordinary past encounters that make them what their identity is, existentialists would now usher us to the thought of each character's opportunity of decision.

Herman Melvilles Billy Budd - Captain Vere was Correct :: Herman Melville Billy Budd Essays

Skipper Vere was Correct in Billy Budd        Captain Vere settles on the right choice by executing Billy Budd.  If CaptainVere lets Billy live the remainder of the team may get the feeling that they won't be considered responsible for their crimes.  If the team feels that they can pull off what ever they need then quite possibly they may structure a resistance and have a mutiny.  An uprising would obliterate the steadiness and great name of the boat and the crew.  Captain Vere wouldn't like to see this happen.  There are three fundamental reasons Captain Vere settles on the correct choice by executing Billy Budd.  These reasons are that on the off chance that Billy lives, at that point a rebellion may happen, on the grounds that the law expresses that a wrongdoing as extreme as Billy's is deserving of passing, and Captain Vere feels frustrated about Billy and doesn't need Billy to endure with blame until a military court could give a choice.         If Billy isn't executed then defilement may happen on the boat and cause a mutiny.  Captain Vere realizes that an uprising may happen and doesn't need it to occur. Chief Vere might be utilizing Billy's execution for his wrongdoing of  executing Claggart for instance for the remainder of the crew.  It shows the group what will befall them in the event that they attempt to begin a mutiny.  After Billy's demise CaptainVere clearly feels lament for executing Billy.  Captain Vere's final words are Billy Budd, Billy Budd (p. 76) show a case of this.  Those final words may represent that Captain Vere murdered Billy for an inappropriate reasons. On the off chance that CaptainVere utilizes Billy's demise for a guide to the remainder of the group then it might not really be an inappropriate reason.  CaptainVere needs to settle on one life and the lives of the whole crew.  No issue what Captain Vere's reasons are he makes the correct choice.         Another explanation CaptainVere may of executed Billy Budd is on the grounds that CaptainVere adheres to the law to the letter.  The law expresses that insurrection is culpable to by death.  Some perusers probably won't consider this to be murder as revolt, yet murdering a prevalent official in the British naval force is viewed as rebellion.

July and Unified

July and Unified I have a billion things to say about this semester already and Im not even done writing about this summer! WHY?                                               Before I go back to this summer, my life thus far has been a conglomoration of time speeding hazily by.  Ive been  Trying to cook food more without setting off any alarms (a sure sign of sophomore-ish maturity, or so I think) Getting my first taste of Chipotle with the bloggers Spending a lot of time in the Unified Lounge (Unified is a course 16 class sophomore year that I will without a doubt write more on later when I catch up to October) and building gliders for it. Running away from getting (not even my own) birthday cake on own face. (1) (2) (3) Im not sure who drew that but its awesome. (3) Balsa wood gliders, that is.   (4) She had to retaliate against getting cake smeared on hers. :) In any case, I must return to my summer before winter rolls around. During July, I worked for the Office of Engineering Outreach Programs (the same place where Sandy Tenorio 33 works. I was working at the STEM Program  with Kristen Peña 12 (my amazing co-instructor) for a new Engineering Design course. We were basically told that we could teach a group of 20 rising 8th graders anything we wanted relating to engineering design for a little over a month. Rising 8th graders. Did I even know what the word engineering meant at that age? So during training, we brainstormed. How was the class to be structured? How do you explain all of the physics and decision making involved? I could definitely say that in many ways, being an instructor helped me not only appreciate ALL of my teachers 100% more (seriously, the amount of time it takes to plan one class out  from scratch is ridiculous.) In any case, what ended up happening was that each week was focused on one engineering discipline, with guest speakers coming in thoroughout the week to cover disciplines that were not covered in our curriculum. Another big part was the projects they did. We had them build putt-putt boats in the mechanical engineering week, parachutes for aero-astro week (!!!), prosthetic arms for biological engineering, and we also had them design a system of making the program itself more environmentally friendly. :) I absolutely loved teaching them, and Im excited to see them around throughout the year. Most of them also participate in a mentoring program also run by the OEOP office. Besides seeing students grow as learners (and as engineers!), of the highlights of the program was definitely painting my whole self yellow, and cheering like crazy for the yellow team on field day. Another highlight was realizing how much they LOVE writing on the board. and remembering when how  writing on the boards  SOO cool and fun. Also, being in Boston for the summer is a very, very good idea. I got to get to know some more of Boston (and its food) This burgers called the Tom Brady: I got to see the sand sculptures on the beach! And I got to go to Marthas Vineyard, which is this super-cute island in MA. And I started RUNNING more. Boston has so many people running across bridges that I had to do it too. If you like to runor walkor I guess even just look at things Boston has amazing views: I think thats enough summer for now.  Until I decide to look at my summer 2012 album again, Ill be playing in my playground.

Drug Abuse And The Unwinnable War - 1462 Words

Drug Abuse and the Unwinnable War Drugs are not a new thing by any means and have been commonplace in most cultures at one point or another. Throughout the known history of the world humans have used drugs to provide mind and mood altering experiences. Evidence of the production of alcohol can be traced back to the description of a brewery in an Egyptian papyrus as early as 3500 B.C (Fort, J. 1969). On a seemingly primal level, humans have always had some incessant need to alter their state of consciousness. Whether it’s spinning around in a circle as a young child to feel dizzy or participating in some adrenaline fueling activity, people seek ways to change the way they feel. While the aforementioned activities are considered normal by most accounts, the end results are essentially no different from the use of drugs. Unlike spinning in circles, watching a scary movie or skydiving naked from airplane though, the use of drugs to create an altered state of consciousness has c reated a series of problems for societies. Laws regulating the use of mind-altering substances have been sporadic throughout history. In the late 1800’s the United States had practically no laws that regulated the use or sale of drugs; buying and selling drugs was viewed as a victimless crime. In the early 1900’s the mentality began to shift as problems with addiction became more prevalent and people began to recognize the backlash the drugs were having on individuals and society as a whole. InShow MoreRelatedCombating Drug Use in America1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of illegal drugs has plagued society for thousands of years. Illicit drugs use can be found all around the world. The War on Drugs is a term applied to a campaign on the prohibition of drugs of drug use, with the effort to reduced illegal drug trades. The current War on Drugs has affected our society physically and emotionally, and should end for the better of our society immediately. When the War on Drugs began, it was â€Å"The expectation that drug trafficking in the United States could beRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On America1065 Words   |  5 Pagesdeclared drug abuse public enemy number one, initiating an unprecedented global campaign, the War on Drugs. Today, the War on Drugs is a huge failure, with devastating unintended consequences. It led to corruption, violence, and mass incarceration. It negatively affected the lives of millions of people. All of this while we waste billions of dollars every year only to create and fuel powerful drug cartels. This global conflict has to end. The core strategy of the War on Drugs is to eradicate drugs andRead MoreDiscussing Drug Legalization1821 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Drugs are bad, mkay.† That’s what we’ve come to learn from Mr. Mackey in South Park (Ike’s Wee Wee). While that is known, what is the best way to combat drug use in society today? It is true the government is spending billions of dollars on the â€Å"War on Drugs,† but if they were to be legalized would that be replaced with money being spent on healthcare due to drug related incidents, or drug treatment programs? It is true that a large amount of crime and the prison population are drug related offendersRead MoreEssay about Criminal Law and The War on Drugs1701 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Law and The War on Drugs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These records of wars, intrigues, factions, and revolutions, are so many collections of experiments, by which the politician or moral philosopher fixes the principles of his science, in the same manner as the physician or natural philosopher becomes acquainted with the nature of plants, minerals, and other external objects, by the experiments which he forms concerning them. (David Hume.)2    Our long armed and hairy ancestors had no idea ofRead MoreThe Government Doesn t Care About Wounded Veterans1611 Words   |  7 Pagesits toll recently on Veterans returning from the harsh and inhospitable action that is War. Military suicide and PTSD from war sometimes go hand in hand with one another, and in the year 2012 military suicides was greater than the number of those killed in action. Members of the military that are deployed into an active war are more likely to die by their own hand after the war, than by the enemy during that war. Traumatic brain injuries and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder are taking away our veteransRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On The United States1324 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges (drug policy, 2015). These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The United Stat es needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarceration rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States would begin a disastrous campaign called the War on Drugs, thisRead MoreEssay on The Solution to the Immoral, Unwinnable War on Drugs 1668 Words   |  7 PagesA new report indicates that the economic cost of lost productivity from drug-related incarcerations is considerably higher than the cost associated with drug use. The Prime Minister of your country is weighing the option of proposing new legislation which experiments with models of legal regulation of certain illicit drugs, including the decriminalization of marijuana possession. The proposed policy has received sharp criticism from members of the law enforcement, as well as groups of parents andRead MoreArgumentative Essay On War On Drugs1515 Words   |  7 Pages War On All Drugs The War on Drugs has been a long and difficult road for humankind. So many drugs exist today, from street drugs to recreational use to prescription and over-the-counter medications. They all affect anyone who uses them. Some give you an inebriated high and if overused and can lead to death. Drugs that were originally intended to cure an illness or disease are being combined to form an illegal substance. When it comes to curing the illness that was made by the drug, rehabilitationRead MoreAmerica Should End Its War On Drugs1974 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica Should End its War on Drugs Mark Julius Floresca West Coast University â€Æ' Abstract America is spending 15 billion dollars every year to fund and support the War on Dugs (â€Å"Drug War Statistic,† 2015). I agree and support that America should end its War on Drugs. This war has been ongoing for four decades and America seems like its not going to win sooner. The nation is spending billions of dollars every year just to support this war on drugs. Also, this War has caused many non-violent peopleRead MoreThe War On Drugs Ruins The Economy1781 Words   |  8 PagesNguyen 1 Linh Nguyen LSP 200 Professor Ashley Bohrer Final Paper November 21, 2015 The War on Drugs Ruins the Economy The global War on Drugs has existed for four decades as a movement of prohibition of drugs with military intervention with the aim to decrease the illegal drug trade. Nevertheless, instead of avoiding growing of drug supply and demand, the war brings about many unintentional consequences that include the creation of a profitable illicit market and mass incarceration. This criminal

The Function And The Structure Of The Brain Responsible...

To understand the differences it is crucial to understand the function and the structure of the parts of the brain responsible for psychopathy. One of the two main parts of the brains that is crucial in this excursion is the amygdala. The amygdala abuts the anterior part of the hippocampus. It is located within the temporal lobe of the brain and takes on the shape of almond (Blair, 2008). Given that they are found on the temporal lobe, there is one on each side of the brain (Wright, 2016). This is the part of the brain that helps people respond instinctively when faced with life threating situations that would be considered to require survival techniques or skills as well as impulses. When one is faced with a threat, they experience fear and in response they prepare for the emergency. It is also the part of the brain that responsible for experiencing fear; sadness, anger, aggression and anxiety among other emotions as one interact with the environment (Blair, 2008). As such it is ver y important in emotional learning, such as understanding and experiencing emotions. In light of learning, when one is young, they are taught about avoiding hurting other people. Relative to emotional learning, people learn to mirror the emotions of the others around them and hence when another person is hurting the brain is able to interpret the same and internalize the emotion associative (Blair, 2008). In the case of the psychopaths, they are not able to internalize this effect of understandingShow MoreRelatedResearch on Psychopathy: A Personal Disorder Essay2863 Words   |  12 PagesPsychopathy is an extremely complex subcategory of a specific personality disorder. This disorder has been researched since approximately the 18th century. Modern technology in science can detect psychopathy by examining the human brain using different techniques. This technology can and should be used to prevent violence in the world today. Research of the brain abnormalities in psychopaths have been traced back to the 1800’s when an Italian psychiatrist and criminologist Cesare Lombroso statedRead MoreThe Major Types and Possible Causes of Schizophrenia1082 Words   |  4 Pagescatatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated and residual. Scientists are leaning toward prenatal difficulties as to the development of schizophrenia with genetics also playing a big part. â€Æ' Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease with approximately one percent of the population developing schizophrenia during their lifetime. There are more than two million Americans suffering from the illness in a given year. Schizophrenia affects men and women equally, although, theRead MorePsychopathy and Culture: Culture-Bound Syndrome989 Words   |  4 PagesPsychopathy and Culture Culture-bound syndrome is the amalgamation of some somatic symptoms i.e. body pain or disturbed function of any organ and psychiatric symptoms such as alterations of the experiences and behaviors which are considered to be perceptible diseases in the specific culture. A list of most common culture-bound syndrome is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and some of them are discussed below. Brain Fag: Brain Fag is classified as a culture-boundRead MoreKaplan Unit 3 Paper1504 Words   |  7 Pagesdefin ­itive answers have yet to surface, the foregoing description of biological foun ­dations for behavior provides evidence of their applicability and value. The study of biological drives may also help to explain the development of specific social structures and control mechanisms (Jeffery, 1977; Pugh, 1977; Thies ­sen, 1976). Biological perspectives, for example, may enhance understanding of how certain control techniques employed throughout the criminal justice system, particularly in corrections,Read MoreMorally Innocent : Cold Blooded Serial Killers2435 Words   |  10 Pagestheir environment and neurological structure. Psychopaths are not morally responsible for their actions, but they are, to a certain extent, criminally responsible. There is an obvious difference between the neurological structure of psychopaths and the average human. There are multiple different scans used to detect different formations. A PET scan will detect brain activity when the subject is given a task. An MRI will show of the size of the components of the brain and if they have changed. To measureRead MoreMental Illness And Depression : How Conditions Beyond A Persons Control?3859 Words   |  16 Pagesfor and thus the proper treatment of these disorders are needed. Scientific study of the genetic causes behind depression is of utmost importance. This paper will argue that there are significant overlaps between personality disorders such as psychopathy and mental illnesses such as depression, and that this overlap often produces criminal behavior that is grounds for arrest. INTRODUCTION When it comes to ethical considerations in the field of criminology, few are more perplexing than the challengeRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Mental Illness3857 Words   |  16 Pagesfor and thus the proper treatment of these disorders are needed. Scientific study of the genetic causes behind depression is of utmost importance. This paper will argue that there are significant overlaps between personality disorders such as psychopathy and mental illnesses such as depression, and that this overlap often produces criminal behavior that is grounds for arrest. When it comes to ethical considerations in the field of criminology, few are more perplexing than the challenge of howRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay2393 Words   |  10 Pagesreview of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Diagnostic Criteria Antisocial Personality disorder is no longer termed â€Å"Psychopathy† because research developments have concluded that there is a clear difference in the criterion diagnosis and definition for each ailment. Although there are specific traits for diagnosis, ASPD focuses on the fact that these individuals cannot function in society often leading to a trait of criminality. A psychopath is merely described in particular traits and behaviorsRead MoreThe Capacity Of Two Theories2525 Words   |  11 Pagescriminology that have been formulated, developed, criticised and commended. These theories were established in an effort to illuminate the real motives behind the criminal actions of individuals and groups. In addition, they are intended at creating responsible reactions to effectively deal with past offenders. Furthermore, they also aim to decrease the rate of offences in the future. The capacity of Positivism and Strain Theory to explain crimes, particularly those of violent nature, has been of debateRead MoreThe Development of Empathy10581 Words   |  43 Pageslifelong process of relational interaction (Szalavitz Perry, 2010). More importantly, the first relationship humans experience, the mother-child relationship, shapes the neural systems of the stress response to allow self-regulation. This because the brain regions involved in relationships also modulate the stress response and allow empathy to develop. As with most systems, these systems are interdependent and develop together. [pic] Empathy can be defined as the ability to understand and share

Peter Kolchin, American Slavery Free Essays

For the past quarter century Edmund S. Morgan has been one of the most prolific and respected authors of early American history. This is an excellent, in depth survey of Virginia?s colonial experience, with an emphasis on how the seemingly contradictory institutions of slavery and equalitarian republicanism developed simultaneously. We will write a custom essay sample on Peter Kolchin, American Slavery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, Morgan argues that Virginians? definition of freedom, and their very ability to establish a republican political system, rested upon the creation of African slavery. Morgan shows that institutionalized slavery did not necessarily have to become part of British colonization; the earliest Englishmen to dream of a colonial empire hoped for the establishment of a utopian community in which natives could benefit from enlightened English governance that recognized the inherent rights of all men. Early English explorers even helped to organize revolts against the Spanish by their slaves in Latin America, and while they were motivated by their own interests in doing so, they clearly were willing to treat their slave co-conspirators as equals. However, the utopian phase of colonization died with the failed settlement at Roanoke in the 1580s. The founders of Jamestown quickly learned racism towards the Indians, whom Morgan speculates they goaded into warfare out of frustration at their own inability to support themselves. The settlement eventually became prosperous as the colonists learned to produce tobacco for market, but it was hardly the ideal society envisioned by the founders. Labor shortages were endemic, as to make a profit planters needed to control a large number of indentured servants. Unfortunately (for the planters), laborers needed only to serve for a limited period before setting up business for themselves, and thus creating competition for the planters. To check this competition, planters made it difficult for freedmen to buy lands of their own (land was plentiful, but acreage with access to shipping had been almost totally monopolized by the large planters), which resulted in freedmen foregoing planting, and becoming lazy, shiftless, and at times rebellious. Moreover, planters treated their indentured servants so poorly that as news of their condition drifted back to England, fewer of the mother country?s poor were willing to indenture themselves, especially as the burdens of overpopulation were being reduced at home. How to cite Peter Kolchin, American Slavery, Papers

Unexpected Day free essay sample

What would be your feeling If you plan something and all what you planned for turns Into something unexpected? Of course you will feel disappointed and you might regret it as well. This is what happened to me exactly. It was a perfect plan! I rushed into my room after the good news I heard of going to spend a day on the beach with my family. Wow! How marvelous this day will be, I told myself. I lay on the bed imagining the cold breeze of the fresh salt water tackling my nose.I dreamt of the picture of the clear bluish water touching my feet the moment I step into. Then I loved the idea of tanning my body from the red and olden rays of the sun. Everything was totally perfect! I was riding in the car waiting for this moment to reach there as a small child waiting eagerly to get a toy from her parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Unexpected Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What else could be splendid than this! When we reached there, I couldnt hear my mom yelling at me to help her In taking the things out of the car.All I wanted is to see my buddy, the beach. The waters I grabbed the chair and lay in front of this pure amazing water, no noise, no sounds, emptiness everywhere. Time passed quickly without realizing the disaster. Suddenly, I woke up from my daydreaming, when the smell of fresh water separated from the terrible smell of dust and smoke as if you are inside a fuel factory, everything you smell is pure smoke. What happened? I asked myself. My mom was screaming and running to pack the things quickly.People on the beach were running everywhere trying to find a shelter. I finally realized the truth. A storm! Oh my god! The sky suddenly became Invisible. All you could see are grey layers of dust. My eyes, my nose, were blocked. I couldnt breathe. I ran Into the car with my family finding a way to escape. After some uneasy moments of fear and cries, we saw our way through main road. My heart pumped nervously. My tears touched my cheeks heavily. I couldnt see anyone or hear any sound except my heart and my eyes.Why everything turned upside down? My dream of lying on the beach enjoying the beautiful view of the clear water and the wonderful sunset vanished! I rushed into my room crying and hiding my face Into my precious pillow. My mom followed me and tried to calm me down. Dont worry baby, well repeat it again. It Is our mistake that we didnt check the weather forecast, but next time, we wouldnt miss that. Well, It was an unexpected, unforgettable day to me that made me grab my diary and write down what happened on that day.

Yeast Lab Report Sample

Yeast Lab Report Paper The yeast breaks down sugars in the dough through glycoside and alcohol fermentation and produces a small amount of AT P, will also release carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide produced by alcoholic fermentation causes the dough to rise. Carbon dioxide is made by yeast as a waste product and the quantity of carbon dioxide is a sign of growth. Yeast organisms size and quick reproduction make them great for testing different factors such as temperature, which is what will be tested in this lab. Purpose and Question: The ideal temperature for yeast growth is between 30 and 35 degrees Celsius depending on the type and if there is a sufficient food source. The lab will test whether yeast would release more carbon dioxide provided that there was sugar at room temperature or in an incubator? The incubator will be set at 37 degrees Celsius and the room temperature is 22 degrees Celsius. -Would yeast produce more carbon dioxide with the presence of sugar at room temperature or in an incubator? Hypothesis: -If one syringe is put in the incubator and the other at room temperature then he syringe at room temperature would rise more because the incubator would be too hot for the yeast to adapt as quickly as the syringe set at room temperature. Variables: * Independent variable- Temperature. * Dependent variable- ml of CO produced. * Control variables- amount of 25% molasses solution, amount of yeast, and time left to sit. Materials: * 2 ml of yeast suspension. * 20 ml of 25% molasses solution. * 2 60 ml syringes. * Incubator. * Masking tape. * Lab aprons. * Safety goggles and gloves. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But 3 days later both syringes had popped because of the excessive amount of carbon dioxide produced. Discussion: Glycoside is an anaerobic process that continues with or without oxygen, glycoside breaks down glucose into a small amount of TAP molecules. With the presence of oxygen the products of glycoside are used to produce many more TAP through cellular respiration. But without oxygen fermentation occurs. Both cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation produce carbon dioxide. Cellular respiration Alcoholic Fermentation When the yeast for this lab was aspirated into the syringes all air bubbles were removed to create an oxygen-free environment to record the yeasts reaction. The optimum temperature for yeast growth is 30-35 degrees Celsius providing there is a sufficient food supply. For the experiment each syringe was set at a different temperature and both syringes contained the same amount of molasses solution, one was set at 22 degrees Celsius and the other at 37 degrees Celsius. The hypothesis made for this experiment was supported by the data recorded; the syringe set at 22 degrees Celsius produced more carbon dioxide in the short period of time given than the syringe set at 37 degrees Celsius. The syringe placed in the incubator was a hotter living environment for the yeast ND was harder to adapt to than the syringe set at room temperature. At high temperatures yeast begins to die which explains why in when bread is baked the yeast inside the dough dies and the alcohol produced also evaporates.

Bernstein and Beethoven

Bernstein and Beethoven Free Online Research Papers A product of his times.that seems like such a clichà © way of telling a story – but, yes! A product of The Age of Enlightenment, Beethoven was all about some revolution. Through his free and fierce nature, he wrenched music out of the 18th century and into the next Stravinsky would do the same thing a century later. What Beethoven did makes him if not the last of the Classicists then arguably the first of the Romantics. His adventures in disregarding 18th-century structure, requirements and protocol marked his music and his daily life, and in both areas he achieved a virtually complete freedom of expression. He was like Elvis Presley of the symphonyonly he never wiggled his crotch on Ed Sullivan. The idea of the authority of a composer and that his word was considered definitive were some of the common thoughts during that age. The creative mind was respected, with the composer an object of reverence. This was the Romantic view. Mozart and Haydn were definitely influences on Beethovens work. Beethovens â€Å"Quintet for piano and winds† is said to bear a resemblance to Mozart and his version, only he Beethovened it up. He also explored new directions and gradually expanded the scope of his work. Some important pieces from the man are the First and Second symphonies, the first two piano concertos, and the famous Pathetique sonata. Sources show Beethovens disdain for authority, and for social rank (whats cool about this is how Bernstein captures that exact topic in West Side Story – at least I thought that was pretty cool). He stopped performing at the piano and called a bitch out if the audience chatted amongst themselves, or afforded him less than their full attention. At parties, he refused to perform if suddenly called upon to do so. Eventually, after many confrontations, the Archduke Rudolph decreed that the usual rules of court etiquette did not apply to Beethoven. He was a rebel just like The Jets. Many later composers of the Romantic period and beyond were influenced specifically by Beethovens Ninth Symphony. The famous choral finale is Beethovens musical representation of Universal Brotherhood. Wagner completed a piano arrangement of Beethovens 9th symphony, an important theme in the finale of Johannes Brahms Symphony #1 is related to the Ode to Joy or â€Å"Ode to Freedom† or any eventual â€Å"Ode tofill in the blank† theme. Bernstein had a pretty exuberant conducting style. He actually had a pretty â€Å"fuck you all who dont like it† kinda style. I like this man very much. He strayed far from classic conducting techniques, using his whole body to get the best out of his orchestra, and had evident fun doing so. Exploring his output, one finds the famous and obscure works that both are reflective of their times and somehow preserve and encapsulate them. Bernstein also used the podium as a way to popularize the music he loved. In 1958, he began a series of televised Young Peoples Concerts that brought symphonic music into the homes of Americans. He was like â€Å"Check this shit out, kids!† But now lets move on to some West Side Story! In West Side Story the sung text is crucial to the telling of the story. When the music is conveying certain emotions there can only be language left to really hit it home to the listener. The lyrical beauty in love ballads, the language of the characters in songs by street gangs and ethnic characters and the poetry of the lyrics truly help to take the music a step further. Bernstein was very effective in bringing modern society and the 20th century to stories and musical themes that were familiar or previously explored. He added his own flair to classical pieces as well as giving a modern twist to age old tales for the current times. As far as the â€Å"hope dies last† and â€Å"despair does not rule† ideology – I think the ideas presented in West Side Story and Beethovens 9th are similar in the fact that they deal with brotherhood of man. The end of West Side Story touches on the idea that the two different cultures are going to work as brothers from now on and not enemies, Beethovens entire purpose of his symphony is to promote that idea of a coming together peacefully. When Beethoven premiered his symphony in Vienna he received five ovations. At that time, it was customary that the Imperial couple be greeted with three ovations when they entered the hall. The fact that five ovations were received by a private person who was not even employed by the state, and moreover, was a musician, was in itself considered almost indecent. Police agents present at the concert had to break off this spontaneous explosion of ovations. This certainly tells of the class that musicians were put into at the time and how private people were looked at. It makes the ideas Beethoven was presenting all the more controversial and liberal. If I were Beethovenand could hearI would have been like â€Å"Please, please! Lets have at least one more round of applause for the Imperial couplethen we can return to me!!!† I would have been blackballed. Bernstein tackled quite the liberal idea of brotherhood in his musical. He addressed issues including rebellion from authority, troubled youth, poverty and racism. Juvenile delinquency is seen as an ailment of society: No one wants a fella with a social disease! It certainly was teeming with American ideas toward immigrants. At the time nothing like this show had ever been produced with its raucous dance numbers and brutal subject matter. I would imagine that if, in the end, you feel the urge for Tony and Maria to be together – the idea that love can transcend all racial boundaries may even affect people that let themselves sit through shows about gay relationships as well. I think shows like West Side Story pave the way for further exploration of topics concerning tolerance and acceptance. If he were alive today I am sure that Lenny would bust it out with some amazing gay story like that since he was definitely no stranger to some boys in his life. Gotta love him! The idea of these pieces being program music made me sit on the fence for a moment. But, although there may not be text for the audience to read in West Side Story to some of the instrumental moments, I do think that those moments tell a story. When The Jets are dancing to the familiar theme of their song – the music definitely represents what is going on and the feeling that is being conveyed without the lyrics. Beethovens 9th was primarily instrumental until the final movement, so I would say that his piece could count if there were program notes given to the audience to explain the earlier movements. It is like the way Vivaldis Four Seasons captures the idea of each of the times of year or the way Berliozs Symphonie Fantastique captures the idea of killing the one you love and burning in hell for it, the music in Beethovens symphony and West Side Story – respectively capture a feeling or an idea. They certainly perform the same function that film scores do now â⠂¬â€œ they pull emotions out of you while you are listening to the story and make you feel it on a much deeper level than words alone could ever do. The bottom line for me is that they both definitely tell a story and are conveying a message to the audience. I think that lends them the right to be called program music. Both men certainly use their music to convey a variety of emotions and help to really move their message and ideas forward. Beethoven utilized cyclical structure in his symphony to link the movements thematically. Bernstein did the same with his characters and events – you would hear lilting music with the themes of â€Å"Somewhere† or â€Å"Maria† when the two lovers were thinking of each other, within close parameters of one another or holding each other. The Jets and the fighting scenes were underscored by the themes that were featured in â€Å"The Jet Song† and â€Å"Dance at the Gym† similar themes can be heard in both compositions and are identifiable with those characters. Beethoven incorporated a Turkish march in his final movement to represent a military aspect and war, I believe he was talking about what the present held and then moves onto the idea with voices soaring – that all men can be brothers. It is very much like the end o f West Side Story. Bernstein uses frenetic percussion and latin styles to create his mambo theme and the energetic â€Å"America† has a mexican cha-cha-cha feel to it like a mariachi song. He uses themes like Beethoven does in his movements to tie his musical theme together. Bernstein assigns musical themes to characters the way Beethoven returns to them in each of his movements. Like I said earlier – The Jets have similar themes when they are causing a scene – even when they are harassing Anita in the store the music is very disjointed and has elements of the musical themes underscoring their rumble with The Sharks and their other songs as well. Bernstein uses immediate and quick tempo with strings and clashing percussion in â€Å"Tonight (Ensemble)† that sounds foreboding – its almost like the strings in â€Å"Jaws† and there are maracas shaking as well to help illustrate who they are referring to (The Sharks). When Tony and Maria begin to sing, the strings become soft and soaring and feel hopeful. They really soar when Maria begins to sing her part – then immediately they are loud and frenzied when The Jets begin their parts again. When Tony sings â€Å"Somethings Coming† the strings are excited yet soft as he begins to talk about this amazingly great feeling he has. Beethoven really uses strings and brass to produce this feeling of duty almost, at least thats what I hear when the brass gets loud and the strings come under softly and then begin to crescendo before the brass takes over. It sounds very regal and then gets frenetic like The Jets songs. But that is only how it begins. That â€Å"Bah-Bah-Bah-Dum!† that occurs with the brass gives me the idea of duty to your country, military men standing at attention and those sort of ideas. Its like the loyalty the gangs feel to one another and their â€Å"war† in West Side Story. Beethoven and his â€Å"Bah-Bah-Bahs† that happen later tend to ease up a lot – the â€Å"Bah-Dum!† is replaced by another quick â€Å"Bah† instead. Im totally explaining this like I should be fingerpainting and writing this in crayon. The strings get nice and quiet and soothing towards the end – before the chorus busts it down. The chorus starts out kind of sounding stern t o me. Then when the women join it isnt so â€Å"military† like. It begins to take on a happier tone. Then its just all sorts of amazing and breathtaking. The strings get sweet and low (no pun intended) and then the voices come in much quieter and begin to slowly crescendo and its like â€Å"Heeey! Whats up, now? Go on witcha baaad self!† The part I think is awesome is when the voices start singing in the style that reminds me of the English madrigal – its like â€Å"Fair Phyllis† and it is a complete surprise when it just happens out of nowhere – there are the sweeping moments, the regal sounding moments and then suddenly there is the overlapping texture. He creates this feeling of many emotions happening with the differing dynamics much like Bernstein creates so many emotions with the texture of overlapping in â€Å"Tonight (Ensemble)† and his amazing rhythms. To decide which composition is more artistically powerful – I immediately think of Leonard Bernstein and his West Side Story. Not only because the end made me cry like a little bitch, but because there are so many themes and rhythms being explored to tell this age old story that is just as relevant today as it was then and in times before and it will continue to be relevant I am sure of that. It is a lot more distinct to me to see what Lenny was doing with his story, characters, moods and emotions than it was for me to pick things out of Beethovens 9th. West Side Story affected me more on an emotional level. I can identify with the â€Å"love that is not accepted by the majority† theme – and holy shit did I ever have to keep myself from sobbing at the end. I kept saying â€Å"Its not real! Natalie Wood isnt even Puerto Rican! Shes Russian for Christs sake!† I was literally saying these things in my head so I wouldnt bawl my eyes out when she started to s ing â€Å"Somewhere† without accompaniment (which by the way is another way that Lenny used just a single voice to make the audience feel stripped and vulnerable – and it worked – well!). I am just simply in love with Bernsteins music in West Side Story. Research Papers on Bernstein and BeethovenHip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaThe Spring and AutumnHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

Water and Sustainability Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water and Sustainability - Term Paper Example Extensive research focusing and elaborating the significance and need of the freshwater bodies have expanded considerably during the past decade, although such critical information and knowledge gained has not been integrated so far, for the development of an efficient water management framework. However certain countries and regions such as North America, Chile, South Africa, the E.U. and Australia among others are an exception to this general rule, since these regions have witnessed the successful establishment of appropriate policies and approaches aimed at preventing the deterioration of freshwater and protecting the environment from further damage. In the face of adversities, and innumerable setbacks in the form of political and socio-economic measures, these policies are indicative of a struggle at the international level, to ensure better management of water together with the protection of the priceless ecosystems. Many water experts in the U.S. and other countries have argued that water markets, tradable water rights, and related economic approaches are important policy tools for improving the long-term sustainability of water uses and ecosystems. Water in existing times, has become an extremely rare and hence precious commodity, which supports the basic survival and sanitation needs of billions of people across the globe. The current issues related to environmental degradation which has taken a toll on global water bodies, has confronted the human population with strategic issues related essential for the sustenance of life on earth.

Nursing metaparadigm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing metaparadigm - Essay Example In the changing socio-cultural environment and holistic nursing takes into consideration the wider implication of the environment within which the patient lives. I believe that nursing needs to go beyond the precinct of medical intervention to include external environment that influence patient’s welfare and decision making. My definition of nursing metaparadigm is closely aligned to the nursing theory of ‘The Stability Model of Change’. The theory primarily relies on the fact that change is consistent and people tend to adapt to changes to maintain equilibrium with the changing environment for improved healthcare and well being. In this instance, Jean watson’s Human Science and Human Care theory becomes highly relevant. It insists that major aim of nursing is to help individuals to gain harmony within mind, body and soul (case study, p140). Thus, caretive factors become facilitators of healing process. For example, when a cancer patient is encouraged to be happy and enjoy his present, he is more like to get well and challenge death. Thus, environmental factors that are aided and abetted by positive attitude considerably bring harmony of mind, body and

Case study of the Management and Organisation of ADIDAS

Case study of the Management and Organisation of ADIDAS Adidas is a Germany shoe, clothing and apparel company that also owns Reebok, Taylor Made and Rockport. Adidas is the largest sportswear company in Europe and is the second only to Nike as the largest sportswear company in the world. The company sports the recognizable logo of three slanted parallel bars of ascending height. Adidas was founded in 1924 by Adolf Dassler, but it did not become a fully registered company until 1940. Its headquarters are located in Herzogenaurach, Germany, the hometown of its founder. Although many believe that Adidas stands for All day I dream about soccer the true origin of the name comes from the amalgamation of Adolfs nickname, Adi, and the first three letter of his last name. Adidas specializes in the design and manufacturing of footwear, sportswear, sports equipment and, yes, even toiletries, most notably, deodorant. However, the company first gained international recognition in 1936 at the Summer Olympic in Berlin, where it outfitted U.S. track star Jesse Owens with its track shoes. Owens won four gold medals in the games. With a specifically stated Corporate Strategy, the company needs to ensure that their organizational structure will allow for and be flexible to this strategy being sought after. Their objectives outlined in the corporate strategy ensure the mission statement will translate into action, while also guiding and coordinating decisions. There is no purpose in having well thought out strategic objectives, but no structure and cohesion to attain these objectives. The Adidas Group comprises of a four person executive board, including one Chief Executive Officer and three board members representing the shareholders and six members representing the staff. The Supervisory Board advices and supervises the executive board in matter concerning the management of the company. It is the role of the supervisory board to ensure that the pathway and vision determine by the executive board is forthrightly followed by the rest of the organization from the top, all the way down to those entrusted with man ufacturing their products. The strengths of ADIDAS are strong management team and good corporate strategy in North American and overseas markets, brand recognition and reputation, diversity and variety in productions offered on the web (footwear, apparel, sporting, equipment, etc.), strong control over its own distribution channel, strong customer base, and strong financial position with minimal long term debts. Weakness of ADIDAS is negative image portrayed by poor working condition in its overseas factories, and E-commerce is limited to USA. Planning Planning is one of the most important project management and techniques. A plan is like a map, when following a plan, you can always see how much you have progressed towards your project goal and how far you are from your destination. Knowing where you are is essential for making good decisions on where to go or what to do next. The most important is to ensure that everyone is clear of what to accomplish. Planning meaning is how setting goals and defining the actions necessary to achieve the goals, in light of the situation. That is situation must be analyses or understood and the appropriate goals and actions must be determined in order to take advantage of opportunities and how to solve problems. Basic management function involving formulation more than one detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with available resources. First, the planning process is identifies the goals or objectives to be achieved and formulates strategies to achieve them. The Managers throughout the organization must develop goals, strategy, and operational plans for their work groups that contribute to the success of the organizations as a whole. Planning is also crucial for meeting your needs during each action with your time, money, or other resources. With careful planning you often can see if at some point you are likely to face a problem. It is much easier to adjust your plan to avoid overcome crisis, rather than to deal with the crisis when it comes unexpected time. Example Adidas plans to expand their operations in Europe, so they need consultation to the Government of Germany. They have been granted landing rights in Paris and are awaiting further details from authorities. In addition, planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used. Two attitudes to planning need to be held in tension on the one hand we need to be prepare for what may lie ahead, which may mean contingencies and flexible processes. There is one thing on which every manager can expect to be appraised, the extent to which he or she archives his or her units goals or objectives. Whether its a work team or a giant enterprise, the manager in charge is expected to move the unit ahead, and this means visualizing where the unit must go and helping het there. Organization exits to achieve some purpose, and if they fail to move forward and achieve their aims, to that extent they have failed. On the other hand, our future is shaped by consequences of our own planning and actions. Planning in organization and public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a program. In the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to set a desired target or goal on some scale. Business planning is like water to a thirsty plant. It keeps our business vital and thriving. Without business planning, business will never improve as it could may even loses or bankrupt. Many small business or stall owners dont have the business planning so they cant earn so much profit when their doing business. Their business unable further progress and stagnant it is, eventually as to close to close shop or behind other competitors. The rapid of change in todays business world and globalization is making it increasingly necessary that mangers keep their plans current. Strategic management is the application of the basic planning process at the highest levels of the organization. Through the strategic management process, top management determines the long-run direction and performance of the organization by ensuring careful formulation and strategies. For example, top management may ask middle and lower-level managers for inputs when formulation top-level plans. Once top-level plans have been finalized, different organizational units may be asked to formulate plans for their respective areas. A proper strategic management process helps ensure that plans throughout the different levels of the organization are coordinated and mutually supportive. The slogan of Adidas is Impossible is Nothing. The mission of Adidas is to be Best Sport Brand in the world. They had achieved the mission but in this strong competitive era, too many company like Nike and Reebok also want to be globally recognized brand, but they will work hard to achieve their goals. Adidas is passionate about all sports. So Adidas Company will try their best for planning new product or equipment for athletes. As part of their End-to-End Planning initiative they have been focusing on implementing an optimized demand planning process and system more than 20 countries in Europe. They standardized or partially automated certain planning functions to increase forecast accuracy. Following the first wave of implementations in 2008, they continued the roll-out to the remaining European countries throughout 2009. Hereafter, they expect to continue the roll-out to other key Adidas Group markets such as Japan. They set up a dedicated Profitability Management department to monitor macroeconomics trends, forecast the impact on product and supplier cost and devise their supply chain profitability strategy. In addition, their development teams also contribute significantly to this initiative by engineering their products with a stronger focus on price. Throughout 2009, they also engaged their supplier with the aim to increase transparency and predictability in costing. Such as, they closely tracked raw material costs and leveraged this information to consolidate volumes. This allowed them to negotiate more effectively and offset cost increase. In addition, their sourcing teams improved their products allocation process to better utilize suppliers capabilities and take into account of total supply chain cost. Moreover, by leveraging consolidated volumes, their Transport and Customs team success negotiated reduced transportation cost and optimized shipment routes with their service providers. In conclusion, planning is very important for the organization to achieve their goals and objectives. Especially, current globalization every organization is using latest technology to do the market analyses and compressive planning. In order for them to survive and growth, for example, in year 2008, financial crisis, many banks in US will decline bankrupt. This is because of their poor planning. Organizing Organizing (also spelled organising) is the act of rearranging elements following one or more rules. For a company organization is means to an end to achieve its goals, which are to create value for its stakeholders (stockholders, employees, customers, suppliers, community). The Study of organisations includes a focus on optimizing organisation structure. According to management science, most human organizations fall roughly into four types. They are pyramids or hierarchies, committees juries, Matrix organisations and Ecologies. Organising is the managerial function of making sure there are available the resources to carry out the plan. Organising involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into department, and the allocation of resources to department Organising is the managerial function of arranging people and resources to work toward a goal. The purposes of organizing include but are not limited to determining the tasks to be performed in order to achieve objectives, dividing tasks into specific jobs, grouping job into department specifying reporting and authority relationship, delegating the authority necessary for task accomplishment, and allocating and deploying resources in a coordinated fashion. Managers must bring together individuals and tasks to make effective use of people and resources. Three elements are essential to organizing to develop the structure of the organisation. Organising are also acquiring and training human resources. In addition, organising are establishing communication patterns and networks. Determining the method of grouping these activities and resources is the organizing process. Organising is the process of defining and grouping activities and establishing authority relationships among them to attain organisation objectives. Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping of the works to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of ena bling people to work most efficiently. Organising can be viewed as the activities to collect and configure resources in order to implement plans in a highly effective and efficient fashion. Organising is a broad set of activities, and often considered one of major functions of management. Therefore, there are a wide variety of topics in organising. The following are some of major types of organising required in a business organisation. Organising is the structural frameworks within the various efforts are co-ordinated and related to each other. Organising is one of the basic functions of management. Organising is referred to a creating a structure of relationship for the efficient management of the enterprise. In other words organisation means a group of persons working together to achieve some common objectives. It is related with building up of a framework or structure of various inter related parts.This is the process of allocating and arranging human and non human resources so t o achieve organizational goals. Issues of organisational culture and human resource management are also related to this function. Furthermore, organising also includes the activity of acquiring the resources that the organisation needs to achieve its aims. In many organizations, staffing and sourcing of funds and raw materials take up much time and effort. Anything is commonly considered organized when it looks like everything has a correct order or placement. But its only ultimately organized if any element has no difference on time taken to find it. In that sense, organizing can also be defined as to place different objects in logical arrangement for better searching. Organizations are groups of people frequently trying to organize some specific subject, such as political issues. So, even while organizing can be viewed as a simple definition, it can get as complex as organizing the worlds information. Organising also means creating an organisation structure that is suitable for th e achievement of the agreed objectives. Work has to be allocated, lines of authority and responsibility defined, and a system of rules and procedures that guide the conduct of employees laid down. The structure should not be regarded as permanent but as constantly changing to suit the organisations needs. The organisation is where resources come together. Organisations use different resources to accomplish goals. The major resources used by organisation are often described as follow : Human resources financial resources, physical resources, and information resources. Managers are responsible for acquiring and managing the resources to accomplish goals. Organising will work towards maximum efficiency and minimum waste. Organising helps organisation to reap the benefit of specialization. Organising provides for optimum utilization of resources. Organising helps in Effective administration. Organising channels for expansion and growth. Organising achieves co-ordination among different departments. Organising creates scope for new change. The advantages of this include easy communication due to shared specialization, better performance evaluation within the team, and quicker decision making as they are all on the same perspective. The main disadvantage is that coordination between different departments become more difficult. Divisional, which is based on product, market or geography has the advantage of functions being able to focus on a specific good, service or customer. This promotes high quality products and customer service. The risk is in conflict arising between division if they begin to compete for organisational resources or pursue individual objectives. Other than that, organising plays a central role in management process. Once plans are created the managers task is to see that they are carried out. Given a clear mission, core values, objectives, and strategy, the relationship. It identifies who is to do what, who is in charge of whom, and how different people and parts of the organisation relate to and work with one another. All of this, of course, can be done in different ways. The strategic leadership challenge is to choose the best organisational form to fit the strategy and other situational demands. When organising, managers must take decision about the division of labour and work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of management, centralization, and formalization. Collectively, these decisions are often called organisational design. There is no standard formula for the best way to organise an enterprise. Several factors have been shown to influence organising decision. Among the most important of these factors are strategy, size, environmental conditions, and technology. Managers organise in order to achieve the objectives for the enterprise for which they work. Thus, the strategy of the enterprise affects organising decision. Change in strategy frequently necessitates changes in the way the enterpri se is organised. Small enterprise tend exhibit less formalization, centralization, and complexity in their organisational structure. Nevertheless, enterprises of the same size may be organised quite differently because of differences in strategy, environmental conditions, and technology. The key factor in the external environment that is relevant to organising is uncertainty. Some enterprises face competitive environments that change rapidly and quite complex, while others face relatively stable conditions. Generally, turbulent environments call for organising decisions that lead to less formalization and centralization in the organisational structure. The processes by which an enterprise transforms inputs into outputs may also affect organising decisions. Some research suggests that organising decisions that lead to high degrees of formalization, centralization, and work specialization are more appropriate for routine technologies and that the converse is true for non-routine techn ologies. Competition is tough but is steady and manageable, the handling of cost leadership is reasonable and such differentiation follows an organized pattern is such focused activities and events of the company. Adidas will be sustaining capital investment and access to capital and apply process engineering skills in such ideal supervision of labour in giving good brand value to such products being designed for manufacturing purposes as they have applied a structured organisation and responsibility driven business ways that narrow. Adidas ability to maintain enough of price differential to offset competitors brand image for differentiation. The need for strong coordination among functions in R D, product development and marketing and focus on company policies as directed in such strategic target. Leading Leading is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. The leader may or may not have any formal authority. Students of leadership have produced theories involving traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence among others. Leading has been described as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Definitions more inclusive of followers have also emerged. Leading is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen. Leading needs to be distinguished from posturing .The following sections discuss several important aspects of leading including a description of what leading is and a description of several popular theories and styles of leading. This article also discusses topics such as the role of emotions and vision, as well as leading effectiveness and performance, leading in diff erent contexts, how it may differ from related concepts of management, and some critiques of leadership as generally conceived .Leading as one of four functions of management, leading can be both extremely important and challenging. Along with planning, organizing and controlling, all managers will execute these four functions of management. From managing a local store to managing a large corporation, every manager will perform each of the functions at some point in their jobs. Ideally all managers should be good leaders; it is a way of establishing a cohesive group which moves towards organizational goals and objectives with spirit and vigor. While handling people a good leader will not only manage his own resources well, he or she also can motivation the worker, employee to complete their work that been given. A leader should strive to become an inspiration to the rest of the employees. Employees will follow a leader because the leader have the authority that given by boss to lead ing the employee. However, a leader that is an inspiration means that employees follow that person because they believe in what the leader is doing and they are trying to help the company achieve its goals. Finding ways to inspire employees means coaching them and motivating them to succeed as integral parts of the company. Significant relationships exist between leading and such individual traits as intelligence, adjustment, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and general self-efficacy. Considering the criticisms of the trait theory outlined above, several researchers have begun to adopt a different perspective of leader individual differences the leader attribute pattern approach .In contrast to the traditional approach, the leader attribute pattern approach is based on theorists arguments that the influence of individual characteristics on outcomes is best understood by considering the person as an integrated totality rather than a summation of individual va riables. In other words, the leader attribute pattern approach argues that integrated constellations or combinations of individual differences may explain substantial variance in both leader emergence and leader effectiveness beyond that explained by single attributes, or by additive combinations of multiple attributes. In response to the early criticisms of the trait approach, theorists began to research leading as a set of behaviors, evaluating the behavior of successful leaders, determining a behavior taxonomy and identifying broad leading styles. For example, Leading takes a strong personality with a well developed positive ego. Not so much as a pattern of motives, but a set of traits is crucial. To lead self-confidence and a high self-esteem is useful, perhaps even essential. The researchers evaluated the performance of groups of eleven-year-old boys under different types of work climate. In each, the leader exercised his influence regarding the type of group decision making, p raise, criticism and feedback , and the management of the group tasks project management according to three styles is : authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire. Authoritarian climates were characterized by leaders who make decisions alone, demand strict compliance to his orders, and dictate each step taken; future steps were uncertain to a large degree. The leader is not necessarily hostile but is aloof from participation in work and commonly offers personal praise and criticism for the work done. Democratic climates were characterized by collective decision processes, assisted by the leader. Before accomplishing tasks, perspectives are gained from group discussion and technical advice from a leader. Members are given choices and collectively decide the division of labor. Praise and criticism in such an environment are objective, fact minded and given by a group member without necessarily having participated extensively in the actual work. Laissez faire climates gave freedom to the group for policy determination without any participation from the leader. The leader remains uninvolved in work decisions unless asked, does not participate in the division of labor, and very infrequently gives praise. Positive reinforcement occurs when a positive stimulus is presented in response to a behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior in the future. The following is an example of how positive reinforcement can be used in a business setting. Assume praise is a positive reinforcement for a particular employee. This employee does not show up to work on time every day. The manager of this employee decides to praise the employee for showing up on time every day the employee actually shows up to work on time. As a result, the employee comes to work on time more often because the employee likes to be praised. In this example, praise is a positive reinforcement for this employee because the employee arrives to work on time more frequently after being praised for show ing up to work on time. The use of positive reinforcement is a successful and growing technique used by leaders to motivate and attain desired behaviors from subordinates. Used reinforcement to increase productivity and also increase in performance. Additionally, many reinforcement techniques such as the use of praise are inexpensive, providing higher performance for lower costs.

Free Animal Farm Essay :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm Essay The name of the book is Animal Farm, which is written by George Orwell. This book is about a farm with animals who dislike the treatment, and overtake the farm and overthrow the humans of the farm. As the revolution took place, two leaders came about. Their names were Snowball and Napoleon, whose main goal was to have nothing to do with humans, and bring communism into their society. "Napoleon was a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only one of those on the farm. He was not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way" (Ch.2, P. 25). "Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive but did not have the character depth that Napoleon did" (Ch.2, Pgs. 24-25.) Snowball was the one with the ideas like the committees and the windmill. He was a better thinker than Napoleon. When all the animals helped kick Mr. Jones off the farm, Snowball led the animals to the store-shed and served out a double ration of corn to everybody with two biscuits going to each of the dogs. Napoleon on the other hand was very selfish. He stole milk that was meant for everybody and drank it all, and he stole apples. He doesn't care about the work the animals do, just what would benefit him. For example, Napoleon comes up with the building of the windmill that would supply electricity so they would not have to work as hard. Napoleon was against this because he didn't come up with the idea. When Napoleon sees that Snowball is gaining more power with the speech of the windmill, Napoleon sends his dogs to chase Snowball out of the farm. After Snowball was chased out of the farm, Napoleon gains more power by saying Snowball was a bad person. He told the animals that Snowball was with Mr. Jones from the starting. (Ch 6. P. 72) "We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily." He is now saying that Snowball was the one who ruined the windmill, even though it was his idea. He called him a traitor. And when Napoleon couldn't do the trash talking, he sent squealer. "For we know now, it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found-that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom" (Ch. 7 P. 80). He was telling all the animals that Snowball was a traitor and was with Mr. Jones, because of the Battle of the Cowshed.

Measure of Contentment Essay

Down to that moment I had vainly supposed that my creditor had withdrawn or suspended proceedings until I should be quite recovered. I had never dreamed of Joe’s having paid the money; but Joe had paid it, and the receipt was in his name. What remained of me now, but to follow him to the dear old forge, and there to have out my disclosure with him, and my penitent remonstrance with him,† (Page 463) This shows how only Joe can rescue Pip and his identity; Joe represents who Pip should have become. Respect and admiration for Joe is once again won for Pip, as â€Å"I had never dreamed of Joe paying the money; but Joe had paid it, and the receipt was in his name† shows. As a result of this act of Joe’s, Pip continues to reform into someone with a better identity, an example of which is shown in the passage: â€Å"What remained of me now, but to follow him to the dear old forge, and there to have out my disclosure with him, and my penitent remonstrance with him,† as this shows how Pip is willing to be humble toward Joe, and ask for his forgiveness. By seeking after someone else’s pleasure before his own, Pip displays qualities of selflessness, Once Pip has discovered his true identity, he can begin to become someone he is happy and content with, because he cares less about his own problems and so they don’t loom as great and as terrible, and he becomes more content. A further lesson Pip must learn in his struggle to find contentment is to control his fantasies, phobias and delusions. A phobia is something psychological, that you fear and therefore try to shut out. Pip’s phobia that he won’t be able to obtain Estella controls him so much that he subconsciously creates fantasies to counter-act his phobias. A fantasy is when you dream of something irrational, or a surreal delusion of something that is exaggerated to fit your expectations of what you want that thing to be. Pip gets trapped by many fantasies in the novel, which prevent him living in reality and achieving contentment. A major fantasy in the novel is that Estella is meant for him, and that Miss Havisham is his benefactress, and this fantasy drives Pip into becoming a gentleman: â€Å"‘The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham’s, and she’s more beautiful than anyone ever was, and I admire her dreadfully, and I want to be a gentleman on her account. ‘† (Page 125) This passage is when Pip confides in Biddy why he yearns after being a gentleman, and it shows how Pip has the fantasy that as soon as he is a gentleman, Estella will be his. Later, when he comes into his Great Expectations, he fantasises that Miss Havisham is his benefactress so that he can be fit for Estella, and the fantasy is so strong that he makes himself believe that it is true. A passage that displays this is found on Page 177, when Pip is getting acquainted with Herbert: â€Å"‘And as to the condition which you hold your advancement in life-namely that you are not to inquire or discuss to whom you owe it- you may be very sure that it will never be encroached upon, or even approached by me, or anyone belonging to me. ‘ In truth, he said this with so much delicacy, that I felt the subject done with, even though I should be under his father’s roof for years and years to come. Yet e said it with so much meaning, too, that I felt he as perfectly understood Miss Havisham to be my benefactress, as I understood the fact myself. † This passage shows how Pip has let his fantasy that Miss Havisham is his benefactress delude him, and how he will manipulate things that may not necessarily mean what Pip wants them to mean, to suit him and his fantasies. In order for Pip to progress in life and achieve contentment, he must learn to let go of these fantasies. However, it is apparent that Pip is unable to let go of his fantasies, because he is afraid of what the reality might be. For example, Pip makes himself believe that Miss Havisham is his benefactress and that Estella is intended for him, because if Miss Havisham is not his benefactor, who is, and is Estella still for him? To Pip, the answer to these questions are too daunting to recognize, so he fantasises about the answer that he wants it to be. Therefore, when Pip discovers that in reality, his benefactor is an escaped convict, he is in absolute shock and repulsion. â€Å"The abhorrence in which I held the man, the dread I had of him, the repugnance with which I shrank from him, could not have been exceeded if he had been some terrible beast. † (Page 313) Dickens’s cleverly uses language in this passage by repeating the same thing three times in different ways, as each of the parts of the passage that Pip describes Magwitch with all tell of his hatred and revulsion of him, but the build up of these things adds drama to the scene, emphasising Pip’s shock at the reality instead of his fantasy. Once Pip understands that Magwitch is his benefactor, a reformation begins in Pip, and he becomes a better, happier, more altruistic person. â€Å"Where I might go, what I might do, or when I might return were questions utterly unknown to me; nor did I vex my mind with them, for it was wholly set on Provis’s safety. I only wondered for the passing moment, as I stopped at the door and looked back, under what altered circumstances I should next see those rooms, if ever. † (Page 425) This passage depicts how Pip has controlled his phobia of lower class status, because he is willing to help Magwitch and develops a self-sacrificing love for him, because, as it says in this passage, Pip is willing to give up everything that he has ever consciously wanted, which is being an eligible gentleman, for Magwitch’s (Provis’s) safety. As a result of his self-centred fantasies, phobias and delusions, Pip becomes very selfish and self-concerned whilst he is in London, but when he begins to seek humble forgiveness from Joe and Miss Havisham because his fantasies have been ruined by reality, he becomes less selfish. Selflessness contributes to Pip’s happiness at the end of the novel, which is part of Pip learning to become like Joe, who demonstrates selflessness throughout the novel. When Pip seeks after other’s happiness before his own, he becomes more able to grow and develop into a better person: Giving of self makes you unselfish, which in turn makes you happy as you make others happy. This consequences in you being outward looking because you want to look for more opportunities to help others, creating less focus on your own faults and more contentment and satisfaction with yourself. For example, when Pip saves Miss Havisham from the fire, or lends Herbert money for his business, Pip forgets about his own needs and safety. The injury Pip gets as a result of the fire at Satis House does not prevent Pip from wanting to save Magwitch by helping him escape the law and Compeyson by fleeing the country, instead, he wishes he could do more: â€Å"I felt mortified to be of such little use in the boat,; but there were few better oarsman than my two friends. † (Page 426) This shows how instead of dwelling on his own unfortunate circumstances, and the fact that he felt â€Å"mortified†, Pip thinks in a complimentary manner about his two friends: â€Å"but there were few better oarsman than my two friends. † Pip learning how to become less self-centred and dispel his fantasies and phobias partly leads to the level his contentment at the end of the novel. An additional lesson that Pip must learn before he can achieve some level of contentment, and a fundamental lesson for anyone growing up, is learning to listen and take advice from others. There are many points in the novel where Pip is offered good advice, usually by someone of trust or worth to Pip, and he doesn’t take it. Once Pip learns to take the advice given to him by those superior to him in experience, he can begin to make better and more informed decisions, which consequences in his being happier, more satisfied and more content. The first major turning point in the novel, of Pip desiring to be and becoming a gentleman, could have been avoided if Pip had listened to this advice given to him by Biddy: â€Å"‘Biddy,’ said I, after binding her to secrecy, ‘I want to be a gentleman. ‘ ‘Oh, I wouldn’t, if I were you! ‘ she returned. ‘I don’t think it would answer. ‘ ‘Biddy’, I said with some severity, ‘I have particular reasons for wanting to be a gentleman. ‘ ‘You know best Pip, but don’t you think that you are happier as you are? ‘† (Page 124) This passage shows how Pip thinks that he knows best, as he speaks to Biddy with â€Å"severity† at not being able to understand why he wants to be a gentleman. When Biddy questions Pip, if he is not happier now, it shows that Pip is striving for contentment, although he attempts to find it in the wrong way, as Biddy cleverly picks up on: â€Å"‘Do you want to be a gentleman to spite her, or to gain her over? ‘ Biddy quietly asked, after a pause. ‘I don’t know,’ I moodily answered. ‘Because if it is to spite her,’ Biddy pursued, ‘I should think -but you know best- that might be better and more independently done by caring nothing, for her words. And if it is to gain her over- I should think- but you know best -she is not worth gaining over. ‘† (Page 125) Here, Biddy is offering Pip very good advice; that Estella really isn’t worth it. However, Pip thinks that he â€Å"knows best†, as Biddy says, and continues to follow the prospect of becoming a gentleman for Estella. If Pip had taken Biddy’s advice, he would have been able to achieve contentment in his life quicker than he does as he pursues the life of a gentleman, because he would have learned to forget Estella, become apprenticed to Joe, and lived the life of Joe, who is content with his life. However, once Pip is in London, it is a whole new world to him, one that he struggles to cope with at first because of the spectral difference between London and his â€Å"marsh country† home. As a result of this, Pip needs to be taught how to survive in London and he is now willing to learn and listen to the advice of others, which in turn helps him to achieve a degree of contentment. I believe that this is one of the most important lessons that readers today can get from Great Expectations; that in order to achieve contentment, you need to be able to listen to the advice of those that are older, more experienced and more knowledgeable that you are, because they are more likely to know how to best achieve it. The readers can learn from Pip’s ignorance not to make the same mistakes themselves. Dickens cleverly uses setting throughout the novel to depict different qualities of life, or levels of contentment. The marsh country Pip originates from represents a humble lifestyle, but those that live there, such as Joe and Biddy, and Pip at the beginning of the novel, seem to be more content with their lives than those that live in London, which represents the wealthy, extravagant lifestyle. Dickens uses this irony to show how money and wealth do not necessarily bring contentment, which is a further essential lesson that Pip must learn. Miss Havisham lives in Satis House, which comes from the Latin meaning ‘enough’ or ‘satisfaction’. This is ironic because from the outside, the house represents a life of wealth and grandeur, which people often assume to bring satisfaction, but on the inside, the residents of the house lead a bitter, frozen lifestyle, and Miss Havisham is so unsatisfied with her life that she lives it to wreak revenge on all men. These circumstances are used by Dickens to show how wreaking revenge does not equate to contentment; Pip must learn that if he is to be happy, he must not seek revenge from anyone, even those that have especially offended him. Nobody’s life works out perfectly, and Pip’s is evidently no exception. An example of a situation where Pip would need to learn to ‘forgive and forget’ is when Mrs Joe, his sister dies. On contemplation, Pip reflects: â€Å"Whatever my fortunes might have been, I could scarcely have recalled my sister with much tenderness. But I suppose there is a shock of regret which may exist without much tenderness. Under its influence (and perhaps to make up for the want of the softer feeling) I was seized by a violent indignation against the assailant from whom she had suffered so much; and I felt that on sufficient proof I could have revengefully perused Orlick, or anyone else, to the last extremity. † (Page 272) This passage discloses Pip’s thoughts as he moves from feeling bitter toward his sister: â€Å"I could scarcely recall her with much tenderness†, to seeking revenge upon the person that caused his sister anguish: â€Å"I felt that on sufficient proof I could have revengefully perused Orlick, or anyone else, to the last extremity†. It is a successful piece of writing as Dickens’s uses pairs of effective adjectives such as â€Å"shock of regret† and â€Å"violent indignation†, which creates more impact on the reader and helps them to empathise with the way Pip is feeling. This then results in the reader feeling more of a connection to Pip as he strives to achieve contentment, and so helps them to learn more from the novel. In conclusion, it believe that Dickens’ rite-of-passage novel Great Expectations is successful at presenting useful lessons to it’s readers as to how they themselves can achieve contentment, despite being written in the 19th century. These are portrayed through Pip’s own struggle to achieve contentment, many of the struggles relating to Dickens’ own life, such as the issues like overcoming debt, unrequited love, family problems and poor education. Dickens shows in the novel how these things can be overcome, and contentment and satisfaction achieved, through the realisation of moral values, the dispelling of delusions and fantasies, and learning how to respond to people around you. However, despite this, the most important lesson, that comes through the novel, in learning how to achieve contentment in life is living it. Pip says that he was happy at the forge before he went to London, but he was not content (Page 315). Therefore, this suggests that the novel recommends that the best way to gain contentment is to live your life and learn through the experience of it; otherwise you would feel unsatisfied with your experience of life.

The Importance of Two-Parent Rearing - 1600 Words

At this point, we all realize that parental figures are fundamental in the sound advancement of kids. As a parent, my obligation is to verify that my child grows up protected and solid, and to equip him to be a resource for himself as well as to his group natures turf. Again and again we fantasize on the thought of how kids are gathered to be raised straying far from the things that we despised about our guardians while gaining a few things that we got a handle on worked best. I have this discussion with my mother constantly- what is the right approach to parent? Regardless of what number of network shows there are or what number of individuals expound on what they accept are their victories as folks, the reality of the situation is that there is no right or wrong way. You try your hardest with the expectation that youve made his or her youth and juvenile encounters ones that help him turn into a great individual as a mature person. There are numerous concerns you have as a guardian . The one thing that stresses me most is- am I completing a great employment as a single parent? Having both folks in the house is getting less and less basic as the years pass by. I generally think about whether this has all the more a negative or positive effect on youngsters inwardly, physically and cognitively. Economic challenges For a mixed bag of reasons recorded somewhere else in this volume, most youngsters living with single folks are financially burdened. It is troublesome forShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Harsh-Heart and Easy-Going Parenting Styles1476 Words   |  6 Pagesand Mrs. Harsh-Heart believe in the importance of stern discipline and impose strict rules that they expect their children to obey without question. They penalize behavior harshly, frequently with spanking. Mr. and Mrs. Easy- Going do not use punishment to enforce their rules and believe in natural consequences teaching lessons and setting limits on behavior. 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