The Function And The Structure Of The Brain Responsible...

To understand the differences it is crucial to understand the function and the structure of the parts of the brain responsible for psychopathy. One of the two main parts of the brains that is crucial in this excursion is the amygdala. The amygdala abuts the anterior part of the hippocampus. It is located within the temporal lobe of the brain and takes on the shape of almond (Blair, 2008). Given that they are found on the temporal lobe, there is one on each side of the brain (Wright, 2016). This is the part of the brain that helps people respond instinctively when faced with life threating situations that would be considered to require survival techniques or skills as well as impulses. When one is faced with a threat, they experience fear and in response they prepare for the emergency. It is also the part of the brain that responsible for experiencing fear; sadness, anger, aggression and anxiety among other emotions as one interact with the environment (Blair, 2008). As such it is ver y important in emotional learning, such as understanding and experiencing emotions. In light of learning, when one is young, they are taught about avoiding hurting other people. Relative to emotional learning, people learn to mirror the emotions of the others around them and hence when another person is hurting the brain is able to interpret the same and internalize the emotion associative (Blair, 2008). In the case of the psychopaths, they are not able to internalize this effect of understandingShow MoreRelatedResearch on Psychopathy: A Personal Disorder Essay2863 Words   |  12 PagesPsychopathy is an extremely complex subcategory of a specific personality disorder. This disorder has been researched since approximately the 18th century. Modern technology in science can detect psychopathy by examining the human brain using different techniques. This technology can and should be used to prevent violence in the world today. Research of the brain abnormalities in psychopaths have been traced back to the 1800’s when an Italian psychiatrist and criminologist Cesare Lombroso statedRead MoreThe Major Types and Possible Causes of Schizophrenia1082 Words   |  4 Pagescatatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated and residual. Scientists are leaning toward prenatal difficulties as to the development of schizophrenia with genetics also playing a big part. â€Æ' Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease with approximately one percent of the population developing schizophrenia during their lifetime. There are more than two million Americans suffering from the illness in a given year. Schizophrenia affects men and women equally, although, theRead MorePsychopathy and Culture: Culture-Bound Syndrome989 Words   |  4 PagesPsychopathy and Culture Culture-bound syndrome is the amalgamation of some somatic symptoms i.e. body pain or disturbed function of any organ and psychiatric symptoms such as alterations of the experiences and behaviors which are considered to be perceptible diseases in the specific culture. A list of most common culture-bound syndrome is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and some of them are discussed below. Brain Fag: Brain Fag is classified as a culture-boundRead MoreKaplan Unit 3 Paper1504 Words   |  7 Pagesdefin ­itive answers have yet to surface, the foregoing description of biological foun ­dations for behavior provides evidence of their applicability and value. The study of biological drives may also help to explain the development of specific social structures and control mechanisms (Jeffery, 1977; Pugh, 1977; Thies ­sen, 1976). Biological perspectives, for example, may enhance understanding of how certain control techniques employed throughout the criminal justice system, particularly in corrections,Read MoreMorally Innocent : Cold Blooded Serial Killers2435 Words   |  10 Pagestheir environment and neurological structure. Psychopaths are not morally responsible for their actions, but they are, to a certain extent, criminally responsible. There is an obvious difference between the neurological structure of psychopaths and the average human. There are multiple different scans used to detect different formations. A PET scan will detect brain activity when the subject is given a task. An MRI will show of the size of the components of the brain and if they have changed. To measureRead MoreMental Illness And Depression : How Conditions Beyond A Persons Control?3859 Words   |  16 Pagesfor and thus the proper treatment of these disorders are needed. Scientific study of the genetic causes behind depression is of utmost importance. This paper will argue that there are significant overlaps between personality disorders such as psychopathy and mental illnesses such as depression, and that this overlap often produces criminal behavior that is grounds for arrest. INTRODUCTION When it comes to ethical considerations in the field of criminology, few are more perplexing than the challengeRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Mental Illness3857 Words   |  16 Pagesfor and thus the proper treatment of these disorders are needed. Scientific study of the genetic causes behind depression is of utmost importance. This paper will argue that there are significant overlaps between personality disorders such as psychopathy and mental illnesses such as depression, and that this overlap often produces criminal behavior that is grounds for arrest. When it comes to ethical considerations in the field of criminology, few are more perplexing than the challenge of howRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay2393 Words   |  10 Pagesreview of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Diagnostic Criteria Antisocial Personality disorder is no longer termed â€Å"Psychopathy† because research developments have concluded that there is a clear difference in the criterion diagnosis and definition for each ailment. Although there are specific traits for diagnosis, ASPD focuses on the fact that these individuals cannot function in society often leading to a trait of criminality. A psychopath is merely described in particular traits and behaviorsRead MoreThe Capacity Of Two Theories2525 Words   |  11 Pagescriminology that have been formulated, developed, criticised and commended. These theories were established in an effort to illuminate the real motives behind the criminal actions of individuals and groups. In addition, they are intended at creating responsible reactions to effectively deal with past offenders. Furthermore, they also aim to decrease the rate of offences in the future. The capacity of Positivism and Strain Theory to explain crimes, particularly those of violent nature, has been of debateRead MoreThe Development of Empathy10581 Words   |  43 Pageslifelong process of relational interaction (Szalavitz Perry, 2010). More importantly, the first relationship humans experience, the mother-child relationship, shapes the neural systems of the stress response to allow self-regulation. This because the brain regions involved in relationships also modulate the stress response and allow empathy to develop. As with most systems, these systems are interdependent and develop together. [pic] Empathy can be defined as the ability to understand and share

Peter Kolchin, American Slavery Free Essays

For the past quarter century Edmund S. Morgan has been one of the most prolific and respected authors of early American history. This is an excellent, in depth survey of Virginia?s colonial experience, with an emphasis on how the seemingly contradictory institutions of slavery and equalitarian republicanism developed simultaneously. We will write a custom essay sample on Peter Kolchin, American Slavery or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, Morgan argues that Virginians? definition of freedom, and their very ability to establish a republican political system, rested upon the creation of African slavery. Morgan shows that institutionalized slavery did not necessarily have to become part of British colonization; the earliest Englishmen to dream of a colonial empire hoped for the establishment of a utopian community in which natives could benefit from enlightened English governance that recognized the inherent rights of all men. Early English explorers even helped to organize revolts against the Spanish by their slaves in Latin America, and while they were motivated by their own interests in doing so, they clearly were willing to treat their slave co-conspirators as equals. However, the utopian phase of colonization died with the failed settlement at Roanoke in the 1580s. The founders of Jamestown quickly learned racism towards the Indians, whom Morgan speculates they goaded into warfare out of frustration at their own inability to support themselves. The settlement eventually became prosperous as the colonists learned to produce tobacco for market, but it was hardly the ideal society envisioned by the founders. Labor shortages were endemic, as to make a profit planters needed to control a large number of indentured servants. Unfortunately (for the planters), laborers needed only to serve for a limited period before setting up business for themselves, and thus creating competition for the planters. To check this competition, planters made it difficult for freedmen to buy lands of their own (land was plentiful, but acreage with access to shipping had been almost totally monopolized by the large planters), which resulted in freedmen foregoing planting, and becoming lazy, shiftless, and at times rebellious. Moreover, planters treated their indentured servants so poorly that as news of their condition drifted back to England, fewer of the mother country?s poor were willing to indenture themselves, especially as the burdens of overpopulation were being reduced at home. How to cite Peter Kolchin, American Slavery, Papers

Unexpected Day free essay sample

What would be your feeling If you plan something and all what you planned for turns Into something unexpected? Of course you will feel disappointed and you might regret it as well. This is what happened to me exactly. It was a perfect plan! I rushed into my room after the good news I heard of going to spend a day on the beach with my family. Wow! How marvelous this day will be, I told myself. I lay on the bed imagining the cold breeze of the fresh salt water tackling my nose.I dreamt of the picture of the clear bluish water touching my feet the moment I step into. Then I loved the idea of tanning my body from the red and olden rays of the sun. Everything was totally perfect! I was riding in the car waiting for this moment to reach there as a small child waiting eagerly to get a toy from her parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Unexpected Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What else could be splendid than this! When we reached there, I couldnt hear my mom yelling at me to help her In taking the things out of the car.All I wanted is to see my buddy, the beach. The waters I grabbed the chair and lay in front of this pure amazing water, no noise, no sounds, emptiness everywhere. Time passed quickly without realizing the disaster. Suddenly, I woke up from my daydreaming, when the smell of fresh water separated from the terrible smell of dust and smoke as if you are inside a fuel factory, everything you smell is pure smoke. What happened? I asked myself. My mom was screaming and running to pack the things quickly.People on the beach were running everywhere trying to find a shelter. I finally realized the truth. A storm! Oh my god! The sky suddenly became Invisible. All you could see are grey layers of dust. My eyes, my nose, were blocked. I couldnt breathe. I ran Into the car with my family finding a way to escape. After some uneasy moments of fear and cries, we saw our way through main road. My heart pumped nervously. My tears touched my cheeks heavily. I couldnt see anyone or hear any sound except my heart and my eyes.Why everything turned upside down? My dream of lying on the beach enjoying the beautiful view of the clear water and the wonderful sunset vanished! I rushed into my room crying and hiding my face Into my precious pillow. My mom followed me and tried to calm me down. Dont worry baby, well repeat it again. It Is our mistake that we didnt check the weather forecast, but next time, we wouldnt miss that. Well, It was an unexpected, unforgettable day to me that made me grab my diary and write down what happened on that day.

Yeast Lab Report Sample

Yeast Lab Report Paper The yeast breaks down sugars in the dough through glycoside and alcohol fermentation and produces a small amount of AT P, will also release carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide produced by alcoholic fermentation causes the dough to rise. Carbon dioxide is made by yeast as a waste product and the quantity of carbon dioxide is a sign of growth. Yeast organisms size and quick reproduction make them great for testing different factors such as temperature, which is what will be tested in this lab. Purpose and Question: The ideal temperature for yeast growth is between 30 and 35 degrees Celsius depending on the type and if there is a sufficient food source. The lab will test whether yeast would release more carbon dioxide provided that there was sugar at room temperature or in an incubator? The incubator will be set at 37 degrees Celsius and the room temperature is 22 degrees Celsius. -Would yeast produce more carbon dioxide with the presence of sugar at room temperature or in an incubator? Hypothesis: -If one syringe is put in the incubator and the other at room temperature then he syringe at room temperature would rise more because the incubator would be too hot for the yeast to adapt as quickly as the syringe set at room temperature. Variables: * Independent variable- Temperature. * Dependent variable- ml of CO produced. * Control variables- amount of 25% molasses solution, amount of yeast, and time left to sit. Materials: * 2 ml of yeast suspension. * 20 ml of 25% molasses solution. * 2 60 ml syringes. * Incubator. * Masking tape. * Lab aprons. * Safety goggles and gloves. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But 3 days later both syringes had popped because of the excessive amount of carbon dioxide produced. Discussion: Glycoside is an anaerobic process that continues with or without oxygen, glycoside breaks down glucose into a small amount of TAP molecules. With the presence of oxygen the products of glycoside are used to produce many more TAP through cellular respiration. But without oxygen fermentation occurs. Both cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation produce carbon dioxide. Cellular respiration Alcoholic Fermentation When the yeast for this lab was aspirated into the syringes all air bubbles were removed to create an oxygen-free environment to record the yeasts reaction. The optimum temperature for yeast growth is 30-35 degrees Celsius providing there is a sufficient food supply. For the experiment each syringe was set at a different temperature and both syringes contained the same amount of molasses solution, one was set at 22 degrees Celsius and the other at 37 degrees Celsius. The hypothesis made for this experiment was supported by the data recorded; the syringe set at 22 degrees Celsius produced more carbon dioxide in the short period of time given than the syringe set at 37 degrees Celsius. The syringe placed in the incubator was a hotter living environment for the yeast ND was harder to adapt to than the syringe set at room temperature. At high temperatures yeast begins to die which explains why in when bread is baked the yeast inside the dough dies and the alcohol produced also evaporates.

Bernstein and Beethoven

Bernstein and Beethoven Free Online Research Papers A product of his times.that seems like such a clichà © way of telling a story – but, yes! A product of The Age of Enlightenment, Beethoven was all about some revolution. Through his free and fierce nature, he wrenched music out of the 18th century and into the next Stravinsky would do the same thing a century later. What Beethoven did makes him if not the last of the Classicists then arguably the first of the Romantics. His adventures in disregarding 18th-century structure, requirements and protocol marked his music and his daily life, and in both areas he achieved a virtually complete freedom of expression. He was like Elvis Presley of the symphonyonly he never wiggled his crotch on Ed Sullivan. The idea of the authority of a composer and that his word was considered definitive were some of the common thoughts during that age. The creative mind was respected, with the composer an object of reverence. This was the Romantic view. Mozart and Haydn were definitely influences on Beethovens work. Beethovens â€Å"Quintet for piano and winds† is said to bear a resemblance to Mozart and his version, only he Beethovened it up. He also explored new directions and gradually expanded the scope of his work. Some important pieces from the man are the First and Second symphonies, the first two piano concertos, and the famous Pathetique sonata. Sources show Beethovens disdain for authority, and for social rank (whats cool about this is how Bernstein captures that exact topic in West Side Story – at least I thought that was pretty cool). He stopped performing at the piano and called a bitch out if the audience chatted amongst themselves, or afforded him less than their full attention. At parties, he refused to perform if suddenly called upon to do so. Eventually, after many confrontations, the Archduke Rudolph decreed that the usual rules of court etiquette did not apply to Beethoven. He was a rebel just like The Jets. Many later composers of the Romantic period and beyond were influenced specifically by Beethovens Ninth Symphony. The famous choral finale is Beethovens musical representation of Universal Brotherhood. Wagner completed a piano arrangement of Beethovens 9th symphony, an important theme in the finale of Johannes Brahms Symphony #1 is related to the Ode to Joy or â€Å"Ode to Freedom† or any eventual â€Å"Ode tofill in the blank† theme. Bernstein had a pretty exuberant conducting style. He actually had a pretty â€Å"fuck you all who dont like it† kinda style. I like this man very much. He strayed far from classic conducting techniques, using his whole body to get the best out of his orchestra, and had evident fun doing so. Exploring his output, one finds the famous and obscure works that both are reflective of their times and somehow preserve and encapsulate them. Bernstein also used the podium as a way to popularize the music he loved. In 1958, he began a series of televised Young Peoples Concerts that brought symphonic music into the homes of Americans. He was like â€Å"Check this shit out, kids!† But now lets move on to some West Side Story! In West Side Story the sung text is crucial to the telling of the story. When the music is conveying certain emotions there can only be language left to really hit it home to the listener. The lyrical beauty in love ballads, the language of the characters in songs by street gangs and ethnic characters and the poetry of the lyrics truly help to take the music a step further. Bernstein was very effective in bringing modern society and the 20th century to stories and musical themes that were familiar or previously explored. He added his own flair to classical pieces as well as giving a modern twist to age old tales for the current times. As far as the â€Å"hope dies last† and â€Å"despair does not rule† ideology – I think the ideas presented in West Side Story and Beethovens 9th are similar in the fact that they deal with brotherhood of man. The end of West Side Story touches on the idea that the two different cultures are going to work as brothers from now on and not enemies, Beethovens entire purpose of his symphony is to promote that idea of a coming together peacefully. When Beethoven premiered his symphony in Vienna he received five ovations. At that time, it was customary that the Imperial couple be greeted with three ovations when they entered the hall. The fact that five ovations were received by a private person who was not even employed by the state, and moreover, was a musician, was in itself considered almost indecent. Police agents present at the concert had to break off this spontaneous explosion of ovations. This certainly tells of the class that musicians were put into at the time and how private people were looked at. It makes the ideas Beethoven was presenting all the more controversial and liberal. If I were Beethovenand could hearI would have been like â€Å"Please, please! Lets have at least one more round of applause for the Imperial couplethen we can return to me!!!† I would have been blackballed. Bernstein tackled quite the liberal idea of brotherhood in his musical. He addressed issues including rebellion from authority, troubled youth, poverty and racism. Juvenile delinquency is seen as an ailment of society: No one wants a fella with a social disease! It certainly was teeming with American ideas toward immigrants. At the time nothing like this show had ever been produced with its raucous dance numbers and brutal subject matter. I would imagine that if, in the end, you feel the urge for Tony and Maria to be together – the idea that love can transcend all racial boundaries may even affect people that let themselves sit through shows about gay relationships as well. I think shows like West Side Story pave the way for further exploration of topics concerning tolerance and acceptance. If he were alive today I am sure that Lenny would bust it out with some amazing gay story like that since he was definitely no stranger to some boys in his life. Gotta love him! The idea of these pieces being program music made me sit on the fence for a moment. But, although there may not be text for the audience to read in West Side Story to some of the instrumental moments, I do think that those moments tell a story. When The Jets are dancing to the familiar theme of their song – the music definitely represents what is going on and the feeling that is being conveyed without the lyrics. Beethovens 9th was primarily instrumental until the final movement, so I would say that his piece could count if there were program notes given to the audience to explain the earlier movements. It is like the way Vivaldis Four Seasons captures the idea of each of the times of year or the way Berliozs Symphonie Fantastique captures the idea of killing the one you love and burning in hell for it, the music in Beethovens symphony and West Side Story – respectively capture a feeling or an idea. They certainly perform the same function that film scores do now â⠂¬â€œ they pull emotions out of you while you are listening to the story and make you feel it on a much deeper level than words alone could ever do. The bottom line for me is that they both definitely tell a story and are conveying a message to the audience. I think that lends them the right to be called program music. Both men certainly use their music to convey a variety of emotions and help to really move their message and ideas forward. Beethoven utilized cyclical structure in his symphony to link the movements thematically. Bernstein did the same with his characters and events – you would hear lilting music with the themes of â€Å"Somewhere† or â€Å"Maria† when the two lovers were thinking of each other, within close parameters of one another or holding each other. The Jets and the fighting scenes were underscored by the themes that were featured in â€Å"The Jet Song† and â€Å"Dance at the Gym† similar themes can be heard in both compositions and are identifiable with those characters. Beethoven incorporated a Turkish march in his final movement to represent a military aspect and war, I believe he was talking about what the present held and then moves onto the idea with voices soaring – that all men can be brothers. It is very much like the end o f West Side Story. Bernstein uses frenetic percussion and latin styles to create his mambo theme and the energetic â€Å"America† has a mexican cha-cha-cha feel to it like a mariachi song. He uses themes like Beethoven does in his movements to tie his musical theme together. Bernstein assigns musical themes to characters the way Beethoven returns to them in each of his movements. Like I said earlier – The Jets have similar themes when they are causing a scene – even when they are harassing Anita in the store the music is very disjointed and has elements of the musical themes underscoring their rumble with The Sharks and their other songs as well. Bernstein uses immediate and quick tempo with strings and clashing percussion in â€Å"Tonight (Ensemble)† that sounds foreboding – its almost like the strings in â€Å"Jaws† and there are maracas shaking as well to help illustrate who they are referring to (The Sharks). When Tony and Maria begin to sing, the strings become soft and soaring and feel hopeful. They really soar when Maria begins to sing her part – then immediately they are loud and frenzied when The Jets begin their parts again. When Tony sings â€Å"Somethings Coming† the strings are excited yet soft as he begins to talk about this amazingly great feeling he has. Beethoven really uses strings and brass to produce this feeling of duty almost, at least thats what I hear when the brass gets loud and the strings come under softly and then begin to crescendo before the brass takes over. It sounds very regal and then gets frenetic like The Jets songs. But that is only how it begins. That â€Å"Bah-Bah-Bah-Dum!† that occurs with the brass gives me the idea of duty to your country, military men standing at attention and those sort of ideas. Its like the loyalty the gangs feel to one another and their â€Å"war† in West Side Story. Beethoven and his â€Å"Bah-Bah-Bahs† that happen later tend to ease up a lot – the â€Å"Bah-Dum!† is replaced by another quick â€Å"Bah† instead. Im totally explaining this like I should be fingerpainting and writing this in crayon. The strings get nice and quiet and soothing towards the end – before the chorus busts it down. The chorus starts out kind of sounding stern t o me. Then when the women join it isnt so â€Å"military† like. It begins to take on a happier tone. Then its just all sorts of amazing and breathtaking. The strings get sweet and low (no pun intended) and then the voices come in much quieter and begin to slowly crescendo and its like â€Å"Heeey! Whats up, now? Go on witcha baaad self!† The part I think is awesome is when the voices start singing in the style that reminds me of the English madrigal – its like â€Å"Fair Phyllis† and it is a complete surprise when it just happens out of nowhere – there are the sweeping moments, the regal sounding moments and then suddenly there is the overlapping texture. He creates this feeling of many emotions happening with the differing dynamics much like Bernstein creates so many emotions with the texture of overlapping in â€Å"Tonight (Ensemble)† and his amazing rhythms. To decide which composition is more artistically powerful – I immediately think of Leonard Bernstein and his West Side Story. Not only because the end made me cry like a little bitch, but because there are so many themes and rhythms being explored to tell this age old story that is just as relevant today as it was then and in times before and it will continue to be relevant I am sure of that. It is a lot more distinct to me to see what Lenny was doing with his story, characters, moods and emotions than it was for me to pick things out of Beethovens 9th. West Side Story affected me more on an emotional level. I can identify with the â€Å"love that is not accepted by the majority† theme – and holy shit did I ever have to keep myself from sobbing at the end. I kept saying â€Å"Its not real! Natalie Wood isnt even Puerto Rican! Shes Russian for Christs sake!† I was literally saying these things in my head so I wouldnt bawl my eyes out when she started to s ing â€Å"Somewhere† without accompaniment (which by the way is another way that Lenny used just a single voice to make the audience feel stripped and vulnerable – and it worked – well!). I am just simply in love with Bernsteins music in West Side Story. Research Papers on Bernstein and BeethovenHip-Hop is ArtThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaThe Spring and AutumnHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

Water and Sustainability Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Water and Sustainability - Term Paper Example Extensive research focusing and elaborating the significance and need of the freshwater bodies have expanded considerably during the past decade, although such critical information and knowledge gained has not been integrated so far, for the development of an efficient water management framework. However certain countries and regions such as North America, Chile, South Africa, the E.U. and Australia among others are an exception to this general rule, since these regions have witnessed the successful establishment of appropriate policies and approaches aimed at preventing the deterioration of freshwater and protecting the environment from further damage. In the face of adversities, and innumerable setbacks in the form of political and socio-economic measures, these policies are indicative of a struggle at the international level, to ensure better management of water together with the protection of the priceless ecosystems. Many water experts in the U.S. and other countries have argued that water markets, tradable water rights, and related economic approaches are important policy tools for improving the long-term sustainability of water uses and ecosystems. Water in existing times, has become an extremely rare and hence precious commodity, which supports the basic survival and sanitation needs of billions of people across the globe. The current issues related to environmental degradation which has taken a toll on global water bodies, has confronted the human population with strategic issues related essential for the sustenance of life on earth.

Nursing metaparadigm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing metaparadigm - Essay Example In the changing socio-cultural environment and holistic nursing takes into consideration the wider implication of the environment within which the patient lives. I believe that nursing needs to go beyond the precinct of medical intervention to include external environment that influence patient’s welfare and decision making. My definition of nursing metaparadigm is closely aligned to the nursing theory of ‘The Stability Model of Change’. The theory primarily relies on the fact that change is consistent and people tend to adapt to changes to maintain equilibrium with the changing environment for improved healthcare and well being. In this instance, Jean watson’s Human Science and Human Care theory becomes highly relevant. It insists that major aim of nursing is to help individuals to gain harmony within mind, body and soul (case study, p140). Thus, caretive factors become facilitators of healing process. For example, when a cancer patient is encouraged to be happy and enjoy his present, he is more like to get well and challenge death. Thus, environmental factors that are aided and abetted by positive attitude considerably bring harmony of mind, body and